What makes someone male or female?

Behavioral Economics Hylomorphism Philosophy of Language Hegelianism Panpsychism Quantum Realism Simulation Theory Baha'i Faith Cappadocian Theology Christian Mysticism Christian Personalism Christian Platonism Dataism / Information Ontology Dualism Dvaita Vedanta Eastern Orthodox Christianity Egyptian Wisdom (Ma'at Tradition) Energetic Wellness Worldview Evangelical Protestantism Formalism (Mathematical) Gnosticism Hermeticism Hinduism (Generic) Islamic Philosophy / Falsafa Jainism / Anekantavada Jewish Philosophy (Maimonidean) Kabbalah (Lurianic) Logicism Lutheranism Manichaeism Mesopotamian Wisdom Middle Platonism Neutral Monism Platonism (Classical) Pure Land Buddhism Pythagoreanism Theosophy Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism Transhumanism / Posthumanism Vedanta Vedic Tradition Virtual Realism Western Esotericism Zoroastrianism Analytic Metaphysics / Logical Atomism Analytic Philosophy Anglican Broad-Church Anglicanism Anti-Trinitarianism Aristotelianism Arminianism Atomism Augustinianism Biblicism Cartesianism Catholic/Thomistic Catholicism Christian Existentialism Christianity (Generic) Classical Greek Thought Classical Liberalism Classical Roman Thought Classicism Cognitivism (Mind) Consequentialism Conservatism Cosmopolitanism Critical Realism Deism Deontological Ethics Determinism Empiricism Eternalism Hebrew Prophecy Humanism Islam (Generic) Israelite Wisdom LDS / Latter-day Saint Theology Legalism (Fa-jia) Liberalism Liberation Theology Mechanism Methodism Milesian School Modal Realism Mohism Multiverse Theory Natural Law Natural Theology Neo-Orthodoxy Newtonianism Nominalism Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) Pacifism Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Science Pietism Political Realism Pragmatism Presentism Protestant Reformation (Magisterial) Rabbinic Judaism Radical Reformation / Anabaptism Realism Reformed / Calvinist Theology Samkhya Scholasticism Scientism Southern Baptist / Baptist Tradition Stoicism Thomism Transcendental Thomism Utilitarianism Virtue Ethics

A Theory of Justice An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Being and Nothingness Capital, Volume I (Late) Characters Concluding Unscientific Postscript Convention: A Philosophical Study (Early (Lewis's first book, published at 28, the year he began at UCLA)) Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (Early) Existentialism Is a Humanism Experience and Nature (Late) Olympian Odes On Liberty Political Liberalism (Late) Pragmatism (Late) The Communist Manifesto (Early) The Elementary Structures of Kinship (Early (Lévi-Strauss's breakthrough work; the foundation of structural anthropology)) The Ethics of Ambiguity (Early) The First Cities (Early) The Natural History of Religion (Late) The Second Sex Theory of Communicative Action Theses on Feuerbach (Early) Two Dogmas of Empiricism Utilitarianism Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language (Mature (Kripke's second major book after Naming and Necessity, 1980)) A Cyborg Manifesto (Mid) Adventures of Ideas (Late (Whitehead's last major book)) Al-Hikmat al-Muta'aliya fi'l-Asfar al-'Aqliyya al-Arba'a (Late (the synthesis of his entire mature philosophy)) Deep Utopia (Late) Der Ring des Nibelungen (Middle-to-late (career-spanning)) Discourse on Metaphysics (Mid (Leibniz's breakthrough philosophical statement)) Discourse on Metaphysics (Mature) Essays: First Series (Mid (Emerson at the peak of his powers)) Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology (Mid (the transcendental turn)) Instructions for Practical Living It from Bit / Information, Physics, Quantum (Late) Jōdo Wasan (Late) Knowledge and Error (Late) Kyōgyōshinshō (Mature) Laughter (Early-mature (between Matter and Memory and Creative Evolution)) Mathematical Commentary on Diophantus New Essays on Human Understanding (Late) On Nature (Fragments) Opera and Drama (Early-to-Middle) Parsifal (Late (final completed work)) Popular Scientific Lectures (Middle) Principles of Nature and Grace (Late) Religion and Art (Late) Science and the Modern World (Mid (the major statement of philosophical-cultural critique, preceding the technical metaphysics of Process and Reality)) Seventeen-Article Constitution Staying with the Trouble (Late) Tannishō (Posthumous (the principal popular source for Shinran's teaching)) The Artwork of the Future (Early) The Concept of Nature (Early-mid (preceding Science and the Modern World, 1925)) The Courage to Be The Doors of Perception (Late) The Perennial Philosophy (Late (Huxley's mature spiritual-philosophical synthesis)) The Red Book (Middle (the personal experimental record from which all of Jung's later theoretical work emerged)) Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous (Early) Tristan und Isolde (Middle (post-Schopenhauer)) Vakyapadiya (On Words and Sentences) (Early) A Dying Colonialism (Middle (during Algerian war)) A Theology of Liberation (Early (Gutiérrez's breakthrough work; the founding text of the school)) A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (Early) Against Celsus Against Praxeas (Late (composed in Tertullian's Montanist period but with orthodox Trinitarian content)) Against the Nestorians and Eutychians Al-Shawāhid al-Rubūbiyya (Mid-to-late) Ambigua An Introduction to Wittgenstein's Tractatus (Mid-career) Another Country (Middle) Apology (Early) Ascetical Homilies (First Part) Attaining Enlightenment in This Very Existence Berlin Childhood Around 1900 (Middle (composed during exile)) Between Man and Man (Middle-to-late) Black Prophetic Fire (Late) Bāng-i-Darā (Early-to-middle) Chitra (Early-to-middle) Chronographia City of God (Late) Collected Philosophical Papers (Late) Commentary on Romans (Early) Commentary on the Awakening of Mahayana Faith Confessions (Early) Contributions to Philosophy (Of the Event) (Middle (Kehre)) Critias (Late) Crito (Early) Cur Deus Homo (Late) De Institutione Arithmetica (On Arithmetic) (Early) De Institutione Musica (On Music) (Early) Definitions of Philosophy Dogmatics in Outline (Late-middle) Elements of Theology Essence of Eloquence on the Interpretable and Definitive Meanings (Late-mature) Ethics Etz Chayim (Posthumous (transmission)) Euthyphro (Early) Evangelical Theology (Late) Faust II (Last) Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise) (Late) From the Acting to the Seeing (Middle-to-late) Gaudete et Exsultate (Late-middle (papacy)) Golden Verses and Testimonia Gora (Middle) Guru Granth Sahib Hymns of Divine Love If Beale Street Could Talk (Late) In Praise of Dependent Origination (Early-mature) Inquiry into the Origin of Humanity Institutes of the Christian Religion (Late) Intuition and Reflection in Self-Consciousness (Middle) Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics (Early-to-middle) Kitab al-Tawasin (Book of the Ta-Sin) (Early) Kitāb al-Mashāʿir (Mature) Kontakia (Selected Hymns) Laws (Latest) Let Us Dream (Late-middle) Letters (Career-spanning) Letters (fragments) and Testimonia Life of Moses (Late) Loaves and Fishes (Middle-to-late) Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb (Late) Martin & Malcolm & America (Mid-to-late) Meno (Early) Mere Christianity Metaphysics of The Book of Healing (Late) Mind-Energy (Middle) Monadology (Late) No Name in the Street (Late) On Abstinence from Animal Food On Dreams (De Insomniis) On Free Choice of the Will (Early) On the Bondage of the Will On the Creation of the World On the Life of Moses On the Trinity (Late) Oration on the Dignity of Man (Early (Pico was 23 years old; this was his first major philosophical statement)) Outercourse (Late) Phaedo Phaedrus (Late) Phenomenology of Spirit (Early) Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch (Liuzu Tanjing) (Early) Platonic Theology (Mature (Ficino's philosophical magnum opus, composed during the height of his work at the Florentine Academy)) Prophesy Deliverance! (Early) Proslogion Ramayana Reality+ (Late (Chalmers's major popular-and-technical synthesis on virtual reality and the simulation hypothesis)) Revelations (Revelationes Caelestes) Samkhyakarika Sayings and Prayers (reconstructed from Attar and others) (Early) Self-Knowledge (Posthumous) Sha'ar ha-Gilgulim (Posthumous (transmission)) Some Dogmas of Religion (Middle) Statesman (Late) Studies in the Hegelian Dialectic (Early) Symbols of Transformation (Early (the 1912 break-from-Freud book; revised in 1952 as the mature statement of analytical psychology's mythopoeic register)) Symposium Tantraloka The Arcades Project (Career-spanning (unfinished)) The Avesta The Barmen Declaration (Middle) The Beginning and the End (Late) The Bhagavad Gita The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness (Middle) The Church and the Second Sex (Early) The Conscious Mind (Early (Chalmers's breakthrough book, derived from his 1993 Indiana PhD)) The Consolation of Philosophy The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (Early) The Guide of the Perplexed The Human Cycle (Middle) The Kephalaia The Ladder of Divine Ascent The Marriage of Philology and Mercury The Mystical Theology The Nature of Existence (Late) The Odu Ifá Corpus The Origin of Russian Communism (Late) The Religion of Man (Late) The Republic The Sacred Pipe (Late) The Secret of the Veda (Early-to-middle) The Self-Identity of Absolute Contradiction (Late) The Serenity Prayer (Middle) The Sixth Grandfather (Posthumous (testamentary materials)) The Zohar Theaetetus (Late) Theological Tractates (Opuscula Sacra) (Mid-to-late) Theological-Political Treatise (Early) Three Conversations (Final (year of death)) Timaeus (Late) Triads in Defence of the Holy Hesychasts Triṃśikā (Mature) Two Types of Faith (Late) Viṃśatikā (Mature (post-conversion to Mahāyāna)) Webster's First New Intergalactic Wickedary of the English Language (Late-middle) Yoga Sutras "Relative State" Formulation of Quantum Mechanics 1 Corinthians (Mature) 1 Thessalonians (Early) 1984 (Nineteen Eighty-Four) (Late) 2 Corinthians (Mature) 2004 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (Early) 21 Lessons for the 21st Century (Mid) 2666 (Late) A Black Theology of Liberation (Early (the systematic founding text of the field)) A Brief History of Time (Late) A Burst of Light (Late) A Community of Character (Mid) A Compendium of Natural Philosophy (Late) A Completeness Theorem in Modal Logic (Earliest) A Confession (Ispoved') (Late) A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Mature) A Dance of the Forests (Early) A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity (Late) A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God (Early-career) A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion (Early-career) A Discourse in Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity (Late) A Doll's House (Mid) A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (Early) A History of Philosophy (Career-spanning) A History of Western Philosophy (Late) A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (Late) A Journey into Gravity and Spacetime (Late) A Just Vindication of the Church of England (Late (Civil-War exile)) A Letter Concerning Toleration (Late) A Madman's Diary (Mid-mature) A Mathematical Theory of Communication (Mid) A New Kind of Science (Mid) A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities (Late) A Plain Account of Christian Perfection (Late) A Plea for Captain John Brown (Mature) A Pluralistic Universe (Late) A Promised Land (Late) A Rational Account of the Grounds of Protestant Religion (Early-career) A Realist Theory of Science (Mid) A Room of One's Own (Late) A Sand County Almanac (Late) A Secular Age (Late) A Short History of Chinese Philosophy (Mid) A Summary View of the Rights of British America (Early) A System of Logic (Early (Mill's first major book, the foundation of his philosophical reputation)) A Theology for the Social Gospel (Late) A Theory of Conditionals (Early) A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, vol. 2 (Late) A Time for Choosing (Early (launched Reagan's political career)) A Time to Heal A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections (Mid (Northampton pastorate; the major work of evangelical reflection)) A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (Late) A Very Easy Death (Late) A Vindication of the Rights of Men (Early (preceding the more famous 1792 Vindication of the Rights of Woman)) A Vindication of the Rights of Woman A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Late) A Vision (Late) A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (Early-mature) A World Transformed (Late) A Writer's Diary (Late) Ab Urbe Condita Academica (Academic Skepticism) (Mature) Achieving Our Country (Late) Act and Being (Early) Adagia (Long (composed across Erasmus's entire mature career)) Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Mid) Adversus Mathematicos (Against the Mathematicians / Professors) (Late) Aeneid African Religions and Philosophy (Mid) After Finitude: An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency (Après la finitude) (Late) After Virtue Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World Against Heresies Against Marcion (Mature (Tertullian's longest and most systematic work)) Against Method (Mid) Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism (Early) Aion (Late (one of Jung's last and most ambitious works, written in his mid-seventies)) Alchemical and Theological Manuscripts (Career-spanning private work) Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher (Mid) All About Love (Late) All the Best (Late) Altus Prosator Ambigua to John (Ambigua ad Iohannem) (Late) American Power and the New Mandarins (Early (political work)) Amoris Laetitia (Late) An Attempt to Prove the Motion of the Earth from Observations (Mid-career) An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (Mid-late) An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision (Early) An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (Late) An Essay on Free Will (Mid) An Essay on Man (Late) An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (Mid) An Essay on the Principle of Population (Late) An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solution to Einstein's Field Equations (Mature (the Princeton period — Gödel's only published paper in general relativity)) An Historical and Moral View of the French Revolution (Late (Wollstonecraft's last completed major non-fiction work, three years before her death)) An Inquiry into the Good (Zen no Kenkyū) (Early) An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Late) An Introduction to Zen Buddhism (Mid) An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (Late) Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Mid) Anasakti Yoga: The Gita According to Gandhi (Mid-late) Animal Liberation (Mid) Anna Karenina (Mid) Answer to Job (Late) Anthropic Bias (Early) Anti-Duhring (Late) Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, vol. 1 (Late) Anti-Pelagian writings (Late (Augustine's last great theological controversy, occupying the final two decades of his life)) Antony and Cleopatra (Mature) Anuvyākhyāna (Mid) Apologia Pro Vita Sua (Late) Approaching Hoofbeats (Mid) Aquinas (Mid-career) Are You Living in a Computer Simulation? (Mid) Ars Magna (Ars Generalis Ultima) (Late) Ars Magna (Ars Generalis Ultima) Art as Experience (Late) Arthashastra Articles of Faith (Mid) Asa Di Var (Mature) Aspects of Scientific Explanation (Mid) Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (Mid) Astronomia Nova (Mid) Athens and Jerusalem (Athènes et Jérusalem) (Late) Atlantis (Mid) Attachment and Loss (Late) Attaining Enlightenment in This Very Existence (Sokushin Jōbutsu Gi) (Early) Attributed Sayings and Wisdom Traditions Austerlitz (Late) Autobiography of a Yogi (Late) Babar Vani (Mid) Bal-i Jibril (Gabriel's Wing) (Late) Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature (Mid) Begriffsschrift (Early) Behemoth (Late) Being Given (Late) Being Peace (Late) Beloved (Mid (the Pulitzer-winning major novel)) Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions Between Facts and Norms (Late) Between the Acts (Last) Beyond God the Father (Mid) Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Late) Bhagavata Tatparya commentary (Mid) Bhāvanā-viveka (Mature) Bibliotheca (Myriobiblon) Bidāyat al-Mujtahid (Mature) Biographia Literaria (Mid) Black Elk Speaks (Late) Black Feminist Thought (Mid) Black Skin, White Masks (Early) Bleak House (Mid) Blood Meridian (Late) Bloodchild and Other Stories (Mid) Bodies That Matter (Early) Book of Amos Book of Concord (Late) Book of Ezekiel Book of Hosea Book of Isaiah (chapters 1-39) Book of Jeremiah Book of Job Book of Mysteries (Mature) Book of Psalms (traditionally attributed) Book of Ruth Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza (Mid) Boundary Stelae and Amarna Inscriptions (attributed) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (Late) Brahma-Sūtra-Bhāṣya (Mature) Brahma-siddhi (Mature) Brave New World (Mid (Huxley's breakthrough novel)) Brave New World Revisited (Late) Brief Answers to the Big Questions (Late) Brief Instruction Against the Anabaptists (Mid) Brief Outline of Theology as a Field of Study (Mature) Brutalism (Late) Call to Arms (Nahan) (Mid) Can the Subaltern Speak? (Mid) Candide (Candide, ou l'Optimisme) (Late) Canto General (Mid) Capital (Late) Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Le Capital au XXIe siècle) (Late) Capital, Volume II (Late) Capital, Volume III (Late) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Late) Castigations of Mr Hobbes (Late) Categories Causality and Chance in Modern Physics (Mid) Childhood and Society (Mid) Choices, Values, and Frames (Mid) Christ and Culture (Late) Christ in a Pluralistic Age (Mid) Christ the Liberator: A View from the Victims (Late) Christianismi Restitutio (Late (final)) Church Dogmatics (Mid) Church: Charism and Power (Igreja: carisma e poder) (Mid) Civilization and Its Discontents (Late) Climate and Culture (Fūdo: ningengakuteki kōsatsu) (Mid) Code of Hammurabi Collected Commentaries on the Four Books (Sishu Jizhu) (Late) Collected Poems (Late) Colloquia (Mature (the work that grew through Erasmus's most productive decades and was repeatedly enlarged)) Commentaries on the Bible (Mature) Commentary on Genesis (Mature) Commentary on John (Mature) Commentary on Wisdom (Mature) Commentary on the Mishnah (Early-mid) Commentary on the Sentences (Early) Commentary on the Torah Common Sense (Mid) Compendium of Theology (Late (begun during the Roman regency, unfinished at Aquinas's death)) Computing Machinery and Intelligence (Late) Confessio Confessions (Late) Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative Transformation (Late) Conjectures and Refutations (Mid) Consciousness Explained (Mid) Consequences of Pragmatism (Mid) Constructing the World (Mid) Contact (Late) Contemporary Philosophy: Studies of Logical Positivism and Existentialism (Mid-career) Context (Late) Context and Content (Mid-to-late) Convivio (Mid (early years of exile, preceding the Comedy)) Correspondence with Princess Elisabeth (Late) Cosmopolitics (Late) Cosmos (Mid) Counterfactuals (Early) Course in General Linguistics (Late) Creation and Fall (Early-mid) Creative Evolution (L'évolution créatrice) (Late) Crime and Punishment (Mid (the first of Dostoevsky's great late novels)) Crippled America: How to Make America Great Again (Late) Critique of Black Reason (Late) Critique of Cynical Reason (Kritik der zynischen Vernunft) (Mid) Critique of Dialectical Reason (Late (Sartre's major late philosophical work)) Crying in the Wilderness (Mid) Cultural Universals and Particulars: An African Perspective (Late) Culture and Imperialism (Late) Cur Deus Homo (Late-mature) Custer Died for Your Sins (Mature (Deloria's breakthrough book, written at 36)) Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism (Mid) Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Late) Dasam Granth (Mature) Dawn (Mid) Dawn of the New Everything (Middle-to-late) Daybreak (Mid) De Aeterna Felicitate Sanctorum (Late (devotional)) De Anima De Animalibus De Architectura De Beneficiis (Mid-mature (composed during Seneca's most influential political-philosophical period)) De Brevitate Vitae (Mid) De Casu Diaboli (On the Fall of the Devil) (Mid) De Cive (Early) De Constantia Sapientis (Mid) De Corpore (Late) De Docta Ignorantia (On Learned Ignorance) (Late) De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum (Mature) De Homine (Late) De Legibus (On the Laws) (Mature) De Libero Arbitrio (Late (the treatise that publicly broke the Erasmus-Luther alliance, written after seven years of pressure for Erasmus to declare his position)) De Monarchia (Late) De Motu (Mid) De Officiis (Late (Cicero's last completed philosophical work, written in the months before his proscription and execution)) De Officiis Ministrorum (Late) De Otio (Late) De Potestate Summi Pontificis in Rebus Temporalibus (Late) De Processione Spiritus Sancti (On the Procession of the Holy Spirit) (Late) De Providentia (Late) De Re Publica (Mid-mature (Cicero's political philosophical synthesis, composed during the breakdown of the late Republic)) De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things) (Mid) De Rerum Naturis De Rhetorica et Virtutibus (On Rhetoric and the Virtues) De Tranquillitate Animi (Mid-late) De Trinitatis Erroribus (Early) De Veritate (On Truth) (Mid) De Vita Beata (Mid-late) De Vulgari Eloquentia (Mid-mature) De l'Esprit Géométrique (Mid) De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (Late) Death and the King's Horseman (Mid (the major play of Soyinka's career)) Death and the King's Horseman (Mid) Decision Points (Late (post-presidency)) Declaration of Independence (Early) Decolonising the Mind (Late) Deep Is the Hunger (Mid) Democracy Matters (Late-mature (the post-9/11 sequel to the 1993 Race Matters)) Democracy and Education (Mid) Democracy in America Demons (Mid-late (the third of the four great novels)) Dependent Rational Animals (Late (the explicit Thomist completion of the After Virtue trilogy)) Der Gedanke (The Thought) (Late) Descartes' Error (Late) Development as Freedom (Late) Dialectic of Enlightenment (Mid) Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom (Late) Dialogorum de Trinitate (Early) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems Dialogue on the Power of the Pope and the Emperor (Late) Dialogues on Metaphysics and on Religion (Mid-to-late) Dictionnaire philosophique (Late (composed during the Ferney years)) Didascalicon (On the Study of Reading) (Early) Difference and Repetition (Différence et Répétition) (Mid) Difficult Freedom (Mid (alongside Totality and Infinity)) Discourse on the Method (Mid (1637, in mature middle age; preceding the Meditations of 1641)) Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (Mid (between the First Discourse and the Social Contract)) Discourse on the Sciences and Arts (Early (the work that launched Rousseau's career)) Discourses (Diatribai) (Mid) Discourses (Orations) Discourses on Livy (Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio) (Late) Disgrace (Late) Disputationes de Controversiis Christianae Fidei (Career-defining) Disputed Questions on Truth (Early-mature (Aquinas's first major work after the Sentences commentary)) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (La Distinction) (Mid) Disturbing the Peace (Late-dissident (composed three years before the Velvet Revolution)) Divine Comedy: Inferno (Late (Dante's exile years)) Divinity School Address (Mature) Doctrine and Covenants (Mid) Don Quixote (El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha) (Late) Duino Elegies (Late) Duration and Simultaneity (Mature (the disastrous engagement with Einstein that damaged Bergson's standing among physicists)) Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophies (Dongxi wenhua ji qi zhexue) (Early) Ecclesiastes (Qohelet) Ecclesiastical History of the English People Ecclesiastical Ordinances of Geneva (Mature) Eclipse of God (Late) Eclipse of Reason (Mid) Ecology, Community and Lifestyle (Late (Næss's mature statement; the systematic expansion of his 1973 "shallow vs deep ecology" essay)) Ecology, Community and Lifestyle (Late) Economy and Society (Late) Edition of Augustine (Late) Edition of Cyprian (Mature) Edition of Jerome (Mature) Edition of Origen (Late) Edition of Ptolemy's Geography (Middle) Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (Mid-late (after The Human Condition, before The Life of the Mind)) Either/Or (Early) Elements of Law, Natural and Politic (Early) Elements of the Philosophy of Right (Late (the mature systematic philosophy)) Elijah Cycle (1 Kings 17 – 2 Kings 2) Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (Mid) Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology (Late) Enchiridion (Handbook) (Late) Enchiridion Militis Christiani (Early (Erasmus's first major work)) Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta Envy and Gratitude (Late) Epic of Gilgamesh Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Late (Seneca's last completed major work, composed in retirement)) Eros and Civilization (Mid) Escape from Freedom (Mid) Essay on Conic Sections (Early) Essays on Actions and Events (Mid) Essays on Philosophical Subjects (Posthumous) Essays on Woman (Mid) Essays on the Gita (Mature) Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (Late) Essays: Second Series (Mature) Ethics (Ethik) (Late) Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (Mid) Ethics for the New Millennium (Late) Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (Late) Etymologiae (Origines) Eudemian Ethics Evangelii Gaudium (Late) Evangelium Vitae (Late-mature) Evil Empire Speech (Late) Evolution, Creationism, and Other Modern Myths (Late) Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith (De Fide Orthodoxa) (Late) Examination of McTaggart's Philosophy (Mature) Experiencing God (Late) Experiments and Observations on Electricity (Mid) Experiments on Plant Hybridization (Late) Exposition du système du monde (Mid) Expression and Meaning (Mid-career) Eyeless in Gaza (Mid-mature) Factory Journal (Middle) Fathers and Sons (Mid) Faust I (Mature) Faust, Part I (Mid (composed across Goethe's career; Part I the major mid-career work)) Faust, Part Two (Faust: Der Tragödie zweiter Teil) (Late) Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise) (Mature) Fear and Trembling (Early) Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (Early) Ficciones (Mid) Fides et Ratio (Late) Finite and Eternal Being (Late) First Inaugural Address (Mid (the inauguration after twelve years of Republican presidency)) Five Types of Ethical Theory (Mid) Fledgling (Late) Fons Vitae Food of the Gods (Late) Food of the Gods Formal Logic (Early) Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values (Mid) Foundation (Mid) Foundations of Christian Faith (Late) Foundations of Geometry (Mid) Foundations of a General Theory of Manifolds (Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Mannigfaltigkeitslehre) (Mid) Fragments Fragments Fragments (Reconstructed) Fragments (War Elegies) Fragments and Testimonia Fragments and Testimonia Fratelli Tutti (Late) Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary (Early) Freedom of the Will (Late) From Honey to Ashes (Mature) From a Logical Point of View (Mid-career) Frontiers of Justice (Late) Full Catastrophe Living (Late) Function and Concept (Mature) Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam (Bezels of Wisdom) (Late) Fī l-Falsafa al-Ūlā (On First Philosophy) (Early) Fīhi mā Fīhi (Discourses) (Late) Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (Late) Galatians (Mature) Gaudium et Spes (Late) Gender Trouble (Early) General Scholium (Late) Geneva Catechism (Mid) Geography Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam (Late) Gettysburg Address (Mature (Civil War)) Giovanni's Room (Mid-mature) Gitanjali (Mid (the Nobel-winning collection)) Global Catastrophic Risks (Mid) Go Tell It on the Mountain (Early) God Is Not a Christian (Late) God Is Red (Mid) God Is Red: A Native View of Religion (Late) God in Search of Man (Late) God of the Oppressed (Mid) Gravitation (Mid-late) Gravity's Rainbow (Mid) Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum) (Mid) Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum) (Mature (the work that established Erasmus's international reputation and reshaped biblical scholarship)) Grundgesetze der Arithmetik (Basic Laws of Arithmetic) (Mature) Grundrisse (Mature) Guerrilla Metaphysics (Early) Gulliver's Travels (Late) Gutenberg Bible (Mature (the culmination of approximately 15 years of experimentation with movable type)) Gyn/Ecology (Mature) Gödel's Ontological Argument (Late (private manuscript)) Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (Mid) Halakhic Man (Ish ha-Halakhah) (Mid) Hamlet (Mid (mature middle period)) Hearer of the Word (Early) Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History (Late) Hexaemeron (Late) Hind Swaraj (Early (the founding text of Gandhi's mature political-philosophical vision)) Historia Animalium (Mature) Historical and Critical Dictionary (Dictionnaire Historique et Critique) (Late) History and Class Consciousness (Mid) History of the Franks History of the Inductive Sciences (Mid-career) History of the Peloponnesian War (Early) Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew Homo Deus (Late) Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Late) Hope and Suffering (Mid) Hopscotch (Mid) How Are We to Live? (Mid) How to Do Things with Words (Late) How to Make Our Ideas Clear Human, All Too Human (Mid) Hymn to Zeus Hymns of Divine Love (Hymnoi tōn Theiōn Erōtōn) (Late) Hyperobjects (Late) I and Thou (Mid (the foundational statement of dialogical philosophy)) Ideas and Opinions (Late (the most comprehensive single-volume collection)) If This Is a Man (Se questo è un uomo) (Mid) Iggeret Teiman (Epistle to Yemen, c. 1172) and the responsa (Middle (between the Commentary on the Mishnah, 1168, and the Mishneh Torah, completed 1178)) Ilāhiyyāt (Metaphysics of the Shifāʾ) (Mature) Inaugural Address (Late) Indica Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics (Early) Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation (Mid) Inquiry (Mid-career) Inquiry on the Great Learning (Daxue Wen) (Late) Institutio Oratoria Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum Instruction on Certain Aspects of the "Theology of Liberation" (Late) Instructions for King Merikare Instructions of Amenemope Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy (Zhi de zhijue yu Zhongguo zhexue) (Late) Intelligent Machinery (Mid) Intention (Mid) Intentionality (Mid) Interpretation and Preciseness (Mid) Invisible Cities (Le città invisibili) (Mid) Isagoge (Introduction to Aristotle's Categories) (Late) Isis Unveiled (Early) Island (Late) Italian Journey (Late-mature retrospective) Itinerarium Mentis in Deum (The Journey of the Mind into God) Itinerarium Mentis in Deum (The Mind's Road to God) (Mid) Janamsakhi traditions (Post-Nānak transmission) Japji Sahib (Mature (Nānak's foundational devotional composition)) Javid Nama (Book of Eternity) (Late) Jazz (Late) Jesus Christ and Mythology (Late) Jesus and the Disinherited (Mature) Jesus the Liberator (Late) Jewish Philosophy as a Guide to Life (Late) Journal of Discourses (Career-spanning) Journal of Researches (Early) Judgment Under Uncertainty (Mid) Julie (Mature (the literary high-point of Rousseau's career, between Social Contract and Émile)) Justice and the Politics of Difference (Mid) Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (Late) Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President (Mid) King Follett Discourse (Late) King Lear (Mid-late (the major tragedies)) Kitab al-Hayawan (Book of Animals) (Early) Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Late (the major late doctrinal-legal book)) Kitáb-i-Íqán (Mid (pre-declaration in 1863)) Kitāb al-Ishārāt wa-l-Tanbīhāt (Remarks and Admonitions) (Late) Kitāb al-Najāt (Book of Salvation) (Mid) Kitāb al-Najāt (Book of Salvation) (Mature) Kitāb al-Shifāʾ (Book of Healing) (Mature) Knowledge and Human Interests (Early) Kokoro (Late) Kongi's Harvest (Mid) Kōsō Wasan (Mature) Laboratory Life (Early) Lam rim chen mo (The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment) (Mid) Language, Truth, and Logic (Early) Lanquidity (Late) Larger and Smaller Catechisms (Mature) Laudato Si' (Late) Laudato Si' (Late) Leaders (Late) Leaves of Grass (Late) Lectures and Sayings Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva (Mid-career) Lectures on Aesthetics (Late (Berlin lectures)) Lectures on Divine Humanity (Mid) Lectures on Galatians (Mature) Lectures on Genesis (Late) Lectures on Jurisprudence (Middle) Lectures on Psychical Research (Late) Lectures on the Philosophy of History (Late (Berlin lectures of the 1820s, his mature mature)) Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (Late (Berlin lectures)) Legal and Theological Teachings of Ja'far al-Sadiq Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence (Late) Letter from Birmingham Jail (Mid (the canonical theological-political document)) Letter on Qadar Letter to Demetrias Letter to Foscarini (Late) Letter to Herodotus (Mature) Letter to Pythocles (Mature) Letter to a Priest (Final) Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (Mature (composed at the height of the developing controversy with Rome)) Letters and Papers from Prison (Late) Letters and Scientific Writings Letters from Prison (Mid) Letters to the Son of the Wolf (Last (less than a year before his 1892 death)) Leviathan Liber Divinorum Operum (Late (the culmination of her visionary trilogy)) Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (Early) Library of Nineveh (curated collection) Life Together (Mid (between the Cost of Discipleship and the prison theology)) Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (Late (Douglass's third autobiography, covering his post-1855 political career)) Liquid Modernity (Late) Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (Late) Living Faith (Late) Living Gospel (Evangelium Vivum) (Mature) Living in Truth (Mid) Logical Investigations (Early (the breakthrough work that founds phenomenology)) Logical Investigations (fragments) (Mature) Long Walk to Freedom (Late) Love and Responsibility (Early (his major pre-papal work; drawn from pastoral and academic teaching)) Luther German Bible (Mature) Mabādiʾ Ārāʾ Ahl al-Madīna al-Fāḍila (Principles of the Opinions of the Inhabitants of the Virtuous City) (Mid) Macbeth (Mature) Mahābhārata-Tātparya-Nirṇaya (Mature) Mahāyānasaṃgraha (Mid) Majālis-i Sabʿa (Seven Sermons) (Mature) Making It Explicit (Mid) Maktūbāt (Letters) (Mature) Man's Search for Meaning (Mid-late) Manufacturing Consent (Mid-late (political work)) Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color (Mid) Maria, or The Wrongs of Woman (Late) Matter and Memory (Matière et Mémoire) (Mid) Mattōshō (Late) Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems Measure for Measure (Mature) Meditations Meditations of the Heart (Mid) Meditations on First Philosophy Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter (Mature) Memorial on the Bone of the Buddha Memory and Identity (Final) Memory, History, Forgetting (Late) Men in Dark Times (Late (collected from essays spanning more than a decade)) Mencius Mere Christianity (Mid) Metaphors We Live By (Late) Metaphysics Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals (Late (Murdoch's longest and most ambitious philosophical book, published nine years after the Gifford Lectures)) Micrographia (Early-career (career-defining)) Middlemarch (Late) Midnight's Children (Mid) Mind and World (Late) Mind, Self, and Society (Late) Mind: A Brief Introduction (Late) Minds, Brains, and Programs (Mid-career) Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life (Mid) Miracles: A Preliminary Study (Mature (after Mere Christianity and Screwtape; the most philosophical of Lewis's apologetic works)) Mishneh Torah (Mid (the major legal work, between the early Commentary on the Mishnah and the late Guide of the Perplexed)) Moby-Dick (Mid) Modern Man in Search of a Soul (Mid-late (mature systematic statement)) Modern Moral Philosophy (Mature (the journal paper that reshaped Anglophone moral philosophy)) Modes of Thought (Late) Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium.FemaleMan©_Meets_OncoMouse™ (Late) Monologion (Early (Anselm's first major work, before the Proslogion)) Moral Man and Immoral Society (Early-mid (Niebuhr's breakthrough book that established Christian realism)) Moralia (Ēthika) (Late) Moses and Monotheism (Late) Mother Courage and Her Children (Late) Motivation and Personality (Mid) Mozi (Early) Mozi Mrs Dalloway (Mid (the first major modernist novel of Woolf's maturity)) Muqaddimah (Late) Murder in the Cathedral (Mid) My Bondage and My Freedom (Mature (Douglass's second autobiography, written after his break with Garrison and the founding of his own newspaper)) My Brilliant Friend (Late) My Name Is Red (Mid) Mysticism and Logic (Mid) Myth, Literature and the African World (Mid) Myth, Literature and the African World (Mid) Nahj al-Balagha Naming and Necessity (Mid) Natural Goodness (Late) Natural History Naturales Quaestiones (Late) Necropolitics (Mature) Negative Dialectics (Late) New Science (Late) New Testament and Mythology (Late) Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks (Late) Nicomachean Ethics Ninety-Five Theses (Early (the founding act of the Reformation)) No Exit (Mid (alongside Being and Nothingness)) No Future Without Forgiveness (Late (the major reflective work after the TRC)) Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment (Late) Not for Profit (Late) Notebooks (Codex Atlanticus and others) (Lifelong (the notebooks span Leonardo's entire adult career)) Notes Upon the New Testament (Mid) Notes of a Native Son (Mid-mature) Notes on the State of Virginia (Mid) Novum Organon Renovatum (Late) Novum Organum Nyaya Mukura (Mid) Nyayakusumanjali Object-Oriented Ontology (Late-middle) Objective Knowledge (Late) Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth (Mid) Objects of Thought (Late) Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John (Posthumous) Odes Of Induction (Mid-career polemic) Old Age (Late-mature) Old Tales Retold (Gushi Xinbian) (Late) Omnipotence and Other Theological Mistakes (Late) On Behalf of the Fool On Bullshit (Late) On Christian Doctrine (Mid-late (composed across three decades)) On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (Early) On Dialogue (Late (posthumous)) On Divine Omnipotence (De Divina Omnipotentia) On Duty (Fragments, via Cicero) On Evil (Late (Aquinas's mature treatment of evil and the passions, parallel to the Summa)) On First Principles (Peri Archōn / De Principiis) (Early) On Floating Bodies On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems (Early) On Forms (Peri Ideōn) (Mature) On Free Will (Mature) On Generation and Corruption (Mature) On Interpretation On Job (Late) On Light (De Luce) On Loving God (De Diligendo Deo) On Nature (Fragments) (Early) On Nature (fragments) On Nature (fragments) On Nature and Purifications (Fragments) (Early) On Photography (Late) On Pneumatics On Providence (fragments) (Mature) On Revolution (Late (after Eichmann in Jerusalem)) On Sense and Reference (Mid) On True and False Religion (Mid) On Truth (Mature) On Violence (Late (Arendt's most-cited short political essay, written in response to the 1968 student movements)) On What Matters (Late (Parfit's final, three-decade-in-the-making work — his second after Reasons and Persons, 1984)) On the Aesthetic Education of Man (Mid) On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church (Early (1520, foundational year)) On the Beryl (De Beryllo) (Mature) On the Flesh of Christ (Mid-to-late (Montanist period)) On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (Early) On the Heavens On the Holy Spirit (De Spiritu Sancto) (Late) On the Incarnation (De Incarnatione Verbi Dei) (Early) On the Infinite Universe and Worlds (De l'Infinito Universo e Mondi) (Late) On the Measurement of the Earth (reconstructed) On the Mind (Mature) On the Natural Faculties On the Nature of the Gods (Late) On the Not-Other (De Non Aliud) (Late) On the Origin of Species On the Philosophy of Discovery (Late-career capstone) On the Plurality of Worlds (Late (Lewis's mature systematic statement of the modal-realist programme)) On the Postcolony (Mid) On the Prescription of Heretics (Pre-Montanist) On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (Late) On the Problem of Empathy (Early) On the Providence of God (Late) On the Resurrection of the Flesh (Mature (one of Tertullian's longest and most carefully argued treatises)) On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon On the Soul (Mid-to-late (Montanist period)) On the Theology of Death (Mid) On the Virgin Conception and Original Sin (Late) One Hundred Years of Solitude (Cien años de soledad) (Mid) One-Dimensional Man (Late) Oneself as Another (Late) Ontological Relativity and Other Essays (Mid-to-late) Opticks (Late) Opus Majus Oration on the Dignity of Man (Oratio de hominis dignitate) (Mid) Ordinatio (Late) Orientalism (Mid) Original Sin (Late) Original Stories from Real Life (Early) Origines Sacrae (Early-career) Orlando (Mature) Orthodoxy (Mid) Othello (Mature) Otherwise than Being (Late (the more radical successor to Totality and Infinity, 1961)) Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis (Late) Our Knowledge of the External World (Mid) Our Knowledge of the Internal World (Late) Our Mathematical Universe (Late) Out of My Later Years (Late) Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism (Early) Pale Blue Dot (Late) Pali Canon: Vinaya Pitaka (Early) Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology (Late) Papers in Philosophical Logic (Late) Papers on Time and Tense (Late) Papyrus of Ani (Book of the Dead) Parable of the Sower (Mature) Parable of the Talents (Late-mature) Paradise Lost (Late) Paradiso (Divine Comedy, Cantica III) (Late) Paradoxes (fragments) Parallel Lives (Late) Parerga and Paralipomena (Late) Parimala (Mid) Parisian Questions (Mid-late) Parmenides Parts of Animals (Middle) Parts of Classes (Late-middle) Pascal-Fermat Correspondence on Probability (Mid) Past, Present and Future (Late) Past, Present and Future (Mature) Pastoral Care (Regula Pastoralis) Patriotism (Mid-mature) Patterns of Discovery (Early) Peace with God (Early-mid) Penitential and Monastic Rules Pensées Periphyseon (On the Division of Nature) (Mid) Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (Late) Philemon (Late) Philippians (Late) Philosophical Letters (Lettres Philosophiques / Lettres Anglaises) (Mid) Philosophical Troubles (Late) Philosophies and Cultures (Late) Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica Philosophy (Mid) Philosophy as Metanoetics (Zangedō to shite no tetsugaku) (Late) Philosophy of Existence (Late) Philosophy of Liberation (Filosofía de la Liberación) (Mid) Philosophy of Psychology and the Humanities (Early) Physica and Causae et Curae (Mid-mature (Hildegard's middle period, between her three major visionary works)) Physics Playing in the Dark (Mid-late) Poems and Laws (fragments) Poetics (Mature) Political Treatise (Late (Spinoza's last work, left incomplete at his death)) Politics Politics and Conscience (Mature (composed during Havel's dissident period before the 1989 Velvet Revolution)) Poor Richard's Almanack (Mid) Posthumous Writings (Posthumous) Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection (Pouvoirs de l'horreur) (Mid) Practical Ethics (Mid) Praise of Folly (Mid (Erasmus's most widely read book)) Preface to Lyrical Ballads (Early) Pride and Prejudice (Mid) Primate Visions (Mid) Principal Doctrines (Mature) Principia Ethica (Early) Principia Mathematica (Early (both authors)) Principles of Cartesian Philosophy (Early (Spinoza's first published work)) Principles of Philosophy (Mature) Principles of Political Economy (Mid (Mill's major economic work)) Prior and Posterior Analytics Prison Notebooks (Late) Proof of an External World (Late) Provincial Letters (Late) Psychological Types (Mid (the major systematic work after his 1912-13 break with Freud)) Psychology and Alchemy (Late) Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt) (Early) Psychology of the Unconscious (Early) Purgatorio (Mature) Pursuit of Truth (Late) Quantum Theory (Early) Quantum Theory and Measurement (Mid) Quodlibetal Questions (Mature) RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (Late) Race Matters (Mature (the book that established West as a major public intellectual)) Raja Yoga: Conquering the Internal Nature (Late) Reagan, In His Own Hand (Mid) Realism with a Human Face (Late) Reason, Truth and History (Mid (the major mid-career book, the systematic statement of internal realism)) Reasons and Persons (Mid) Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory (Late) Reclaiming Reality (Mid) Red Earth, White Lies (Late) Redemptor Hominis (Early (papacy)) Reflections on Language (Mid-career (linguistic work)) Reflections on the Causes of Liberty and Social Oppression (Early) Reflections on the Revolution in France (Late) Relative State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics (Early) Relativity: The Special and General Theory Relativity: The Special and General Theory (Mid) Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (Mid-mature) Religion and Nothingness (Shūkyō to wa nani ka) (Mid) Religion and Philosophy (Late) Religion and Science (Mid-mature) Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism (Late) Representation and Reality (Mid) Representative Men (Mature) Republic (fragments) (Early) Rerum Novarum (Late) Resistance to Civil Government (Mature) Revelations of Divine Love Rhetoric (Mature) Rig Vedic Hymns (Mandala 1, selected hymns attributed to Agastya) Rivonia Trial Statement (Mid) Romans (Mature (Paul's most extensive and systematic letter)) Rule of St Benedict Rules for the Direction of the Mind (Early) Sadhana: The Realisation of Life (Mid (the major philosophical prose statement)) Sanctorum Communio (Earliest (Bonhoeffer's dissertation at age 21)) Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (Mid) Sapiens: A Graphic History (Late) Sartre: Romantic Rationalist (Early) Satyricon Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol (Late) Sayings and Legal Rulings Sayings and Legal Traditions (Mishna, Talmud) Science and Hypothesis (La Science et l'hypothèse) (Late) Scientific Thought (Mid) Second Inaugural Address (Late (six weeks before assassination)) Second Treatise of Government (Late) Self-Made Men (Mid-Late) Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic (Early) Sense and Sensibilia (Late) Sentences Sermons (Career-spanning (Geneva preaching)) Set Theory and Its Logic (Mid-career) Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality (Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana) (Mid) Sexism and God-Talk (Mid) Shabuhragan (Mature) Shahnameh (Book of Kings) Shōbōgenzō (Late) Shōzōmatsu Wasan (Late) Sic et Non Sic et Non (Yes and No) (Early) Sidereus Nuncius (Early-mid (the breakthrough that established Galileo's international reputation)) Sidh Gosht (Mid) Silent Spring (Late) Simians, Cyborgs, and Women (Mid) Simulacra and Simulation (Simulacres et simulation) (Late) Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (Mid) Siris (Late) Sister Outsider (Mid (the major prose collection of Lorde's career)) Slavery in Massachusetts (Mature) Slokavarttika (Early) Snow Crash (Mid) Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (Late) Some Remarks on Logical Form (Transitional) Some Thoughts Concerning Education (Late) Song of Deborah (Judges 5) Sonnets (Career-spanning) Sophist Sources of Strength: Meditations on Scripture for a Living Faith (Late) Sources of the Self (Mid) Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics (Late) Speculum of the Other Woman (Speculum, de l'autre femme) (Mid) Speech Acts (Early) Speeches and Narratives (1 Samuel 1-16) Speeches in the Book of Documents (Shangshu) Speeches in the Shangshu (Call of Shao and others) Spheres of Justice (Mid) Spinoza and Ecology (Mid) Spirit and Reason (Late) Spirit in the World (Early) Spring Snow (Late) Standard Sermons (Mid-to-late) Strength to Love (Mid (the major collection of sermons)) Stride Toward Freedom (Early) Stromateis (Miscellanies) Structural Anthropology (Mid (the methodological consolidation)) Studies in Iconology (Late) Studies on Hysteria (Early) Substance and Function (Early) Sula (Mid) Summa Contra Gentiles (Early) Summa Logicae (Late) Summa Theologiae Summer Meditations (Late (the first major post-1989 reflection on the transition from dissidence to governance)) Sun Ra Discography (Late) Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies (Late) Surprised by Joy (Late-mature) Swann's Way (Du côté de chez Swann) (Mid) Symphonia harmoniae caelestium revelationum (Mid-late) Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle (Late) Syntactic Structures (Early) Systematic Theology (Mid) Systematic Theology (Late) Tabernacle of Unity (Late) Tablets to the Political Leaders (Mature) Tahāfut al-Tahāfut (Mid-late (Averroes's major systematic philosophical defence)) Tales of the Hasidim (Late (Buber's mature engagement with the Hasidic tradition)) Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk (History of Prophets and Kings) (Early) Tatparya Chandrika (Mid) Tattvodyota (Mature) Teaching to Transgress (Mid) Tear Down This Wall (Late (Reagan presidency at its rhetorical peak)) Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now (Mature (Lanier's short polemical follow-up to Who Owns the Future?, 2013, and Dawn of the New Everything, 2017)) The Abolition of Man The Acting Person (Mid (his major academic-philosophical work, before his 1978 papal election)) The Adolescent (Late) The Age of Anxiety: A Baroque Eclogue (Mid) The Age of Reason (Late) The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory (La Théorie physique: son objet, sa structure) (Late) The Aims of the Philosophers (Middle) The Allegory of Love (Mature) The American Evasion of Philosophy (Mature (West's major work of intellectual history, written before the Race Matters celebrity)) The American Scholar (Mature) The Analects The Ancestor's Tale (Late) The Annals (Late) The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious (Late (the mature systematic statement of archetypal psychology)) The Arminian Magazine (Late) The Art of Happiness (Late) The Art of War (Early) The Assayer (Mature (composed during the brief honeymoon between Galileo and the new Pope Urban VIII)) The Audacity of Hope (Mid) The Autobiography of Malcolm X (Late) The Bacchae (Late) The Beginning of Infinity (Late) The Bell (Early-mature (Murdoch's fourth novel, the first to establish her mature manner)) The Bishop of Worcester's Answer to Mr Locke (Late) The Black Prince (Mature) The Black Swan (Late) The Black Unicorn (Mid) The Blind Watchmaker (Mid) The Blue and Brown Books (Mid) The Bluest Eye (Mid) The Book of Beliefs and Opinions The Book of Documents (Shujing) (Early) The Book of Mormon The Book of Rites (Liji) (Mid) The Book of Songs (Shijing) (Early) The Book of the City of Ladies The Born-Einstein Letters (Mature-late) The Bride of the Lamb (Late) The Brothers Karamazov (Late) The Cairo Trilogy (Mid) The Catching of Leviathan (Late) The Character of Consciousness (Mid) The Character of Physical Law (Mid) The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis (Late) The Cherry Orchard (Late) The Christian Faith (Mature) The Christian Faith (Der christliche Glaube) (Late) The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (Mid) The Claim of Reason (Mid) The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness (Late) The Concept of Mind (Mid) The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages (Mid) The Concept of the Political (Mid) The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis (Middle) The Consolation of Philosophy The Construction of Reality in the Child (Mid) The Construction of Social Reality (Late) The Copernican Revolution (Early (Kuhn's first book)) The Cost of Discipleship (Early) The Crisis of Western Philosophy (Early) The Cross and the Lynching Tree (Late (Cone's major late book)) The Culture of Narcissism (Late) The Dark Night (La Noche Oscura) (Late) The Demon-Haunted World (Late) The Descent of Man (Mature) The Destiny of Man (O naznachenii cheloveka) (Mid) The Dialogue of Divine Providence (Late (composed in Catherine's last two years, in the midst of her efforts to reform the Church and end the Avignon papacy)) The Discarded Image (Last) The Dispossessed (Late) The Divine Names (De Divinis Nominibus) (Late) The Division of Labor in Society (Early) The Doctor and the Soul: From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy (Mid) The Double Helix (Mid) The Dragons of Eden (Mid) The Dream of the Earth (Late) The Drum Major Instinct (Late) The Education of Henry Adams (Late) The Ego and the Id (Late) The Elimination of Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language (Early-to-middle (Carnap's most polemical statement of the verificationist programme)) The Emperor's New Mind (Late) The End for Which God Created the World (Late) The End of History and the Last Man (Mid) The Epistle to the Romans (Early (the breakthrough work)) The Essence of Manifestation (Early) The Essential Tension (Late) The Expanding Circle (Mid) The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (Late) The Extended Phenotype (Mid) The Fabric of Reality (Mid) The Fall of Public Man (Mid) The Federalist Papers (Mid) The Feminine Mystique (Late) The Field of Zen (Late) The First and Last Freedom (Mid) The Fixation of Belief (Early) The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (Last) The Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Action of Worms (Final) The Foundations of Arithmetic The Fragility of Goodness (Mature (the book that established Nussbaum as a major figure)) The Future of an Illusion (Late) The Gathering Storm (Late) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (Late) The German Ideology (Early) The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics (Late) The God Delusion (Late) The God of Life (Late) The Grand Design (Late) The Great Gatsby (Mid) The Great Learning and Doctrine of the Mean The Great World-System (Megas Diakosmos) (Mature) The Growth of Biological Thought (Late) The Gulag Archipelago (Late) The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) The Hedgehog and the Fox (Mid) The Hidden God (De Deo Abscondito) (Mid) The Hindu View of Life (Mid) The Histories (Early) The Histories The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Late) The Home and the World (Late) The Human Condition The Idea of Latin America (Late) The Idea of a Christian Society (Mid) The Idiot (Mid (after Crime and Punishment, before Demons and Karamazov)) The Iliad, or the Poem of Force (Late) The Imitation of Christ The Imitation of Christ (De Imitatione Christi) The Importance of Living (Mid) The Incoherence of the Philosophers The Individual and the Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy (Middle) The Interior Castle (Castillo Interior) (Late) The Interpretation of Cultures (Late) The Interpretation of Dreams (Early (the founding work of psychoanalysis)) The Irony of American History (Late (Niebuhr's major Cold War political-theological book)) The Jewish War The Justification of the Good (Opravdanie dobra) (Late) The Key to Theosophy (Late) The Kingdom of God Is Within You (Late) The Kuzari The Language Instinct (Late) The Language of Thought (Mid) The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time (Early) The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence (Last) The Life Divine (Late) The Life You Can Save (Late) The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (Late) The Life of Moses (De Vita Moysis) (Late) The Life of the Mind (Late) The Lion and the Jewel (Early) The Logic of Practice (Late) The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Early) The Logical Syntax of Language (Mid) The Long Loneliness (Late) The Lord of the Rings (Late) The Magic City (Mid) The Magic Mountain (Der Zauberberg) (Late) The Maine Woods (Mature-late) The Mandarins (Mature) The Many Faces of Realism (Mid) The Meaning of Love (Late) The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (Late) The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes (Late) The Methods of Ethics (Late) The Mind and its Place in Nature (Mid) The Mind of Primitive Man (Late) The Minimalist Program (Late (linguistic work)) The Mirror of Simple Souls (Le Mirouer des Simples Âmes) (Late) The Moment (Final (year of death)) The Mystery of Being (Late) The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church (Essai sur la théologie mystique de l'Église d'Orient) (Mid) The Myth of the State (Final) The Naked Man (Late) The Nature and Destiny of Man (Mid-late (Niebuhr's major systematic work)) The Nature of True Virtue (Late) The Need for Roots (Posthumous) The New Testament The Niche of Lights (Late) The Open Society and Its Enemies The Open Sore of a Continent (Late) The Oresteia (Early) The Origin of German Tragic Drama (Early (the most ambitious early work, before the Arcades Project)) The Origin of Table Manners (Mature) The Origins of Totalitarianism (Mid (Arendt's breakthrough book)) The Passions of the Soul (Les Passions de l'âme) (Late) The Pearl of Great Price (Mid) The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (Mid) The Philosophical Foundations of Physics (Late) The Philosophy of Loyalty (Late) The Philosophy of Money (Mid) The Philosophy of Philosophy (Late) The Philosophy of Space and Time (Philosophie der Raum-Zeit-Lehre) (Mid) The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms (Mid) The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences (Mid-career (companion to the History)) The Pillar and Ground of the Truth (Mid) The Plague (Mid (between The Stranger and The Rebel)) The Poetics of Space (Late) The Politics of Jesus (Mid) The Possibility of Naturalism (Mid) The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke (Posthumous) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (La condition postmoderne) (Late) The Poverty of Historicism (Mid-career) The Power of the Poor in History (Mid) The Power of the Powerless (Mid (Havel as principal Charter 77 dissident)) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Mid) The Prince (Mature (Machiavelli was 44 and writing from the bitter experience of political defeat and exile)) The Prince (Il Principe) (Late) The Principles of Mathematics (Early) The Principles of Psychology (Mid (the major early work; foundational for both psychology and pragmatist philosophy)) The Problem of Pain (Mid (post-conversion, pre-Narnia)) The Problems of Philosophy (Early) The Prophetic Faith (Late) The Prose of the World (Mid) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Mid) The Quadruple Object (Late) The Quest for Certainty (Late) The Quran The Rainbow People of God (Late) The Raw and the Cooked (Mature) The Reagan Diaries (Late) The Real War (Late) The Reasonableness of Christianity (Late) The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (Late) The Revival of the Religious Sciences (Late (post-crisis)) The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion (Late) The Road to Serfdom (Mid) The Roots of Reference (Late) The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea (Mature) The Savage Mind (Mid (the systematic statement of structural anthropology)) The Sceptical Chymist (Mid) The Science of Mechanics (Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung) (Mid) The Science of the Cross (Late) The Scripture-Doctrine of the Trinity (Mid-career) The Sea of Fertility (Late (the major late work, completed the day of his 1970 ritual suicide)) The Sea of Fertility (Last) The Sea, The Sea (Late-mature) The Search After Truth (Early-to-mid) The Search for Common Ground (Late) The Secret Doctrine (Mature) The Selfish Gene The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (Late) The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (Late) The Sickness Unto Death (Late) The Singularity Is Near (Late) The Social Construction of Reality (Mid) The Social Construction of What? (Late) The Social Contract (Late (after the two Discourses; the political conclusion of Rousseau's mature thought)) The Sociological Imagination (Mid) The Souls of Black Folk (Mid) The Sound and the Fury (Mid) The Sources of Normativity (Mid) The Sovereignty of Good (Mid (her major philosophical statement, alongside Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals 1992)) The Spirit of the Laws (De l'esprit des lois) (Late) The Spiritual Medicine The Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu) (Early) The Star of Redemption (Mid) The State and Revolution (Late) The Story of Art (Mid) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (Early (the breakthrough work)) The Structure of Objects (Mid) The Struggle for Recognition (Mid) The Subjection of Women (Late) The Sublime Object of Ideology (Mid) The Symbolism of Evil (Early) The Tempest (Last (probably Shakespeare's last sole-authored play)) The Temple of Dawn (Late) The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Early-to-late (he revised it throughout his life)) The Therapy of Desire (Middle) The Trial (Der Process) (Late) The True Story of Ah Q (Mature) The Unbearable Lightness of Being (Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí) (Late) The Undiscovered Self (Late (one of Jung's last short works, written at 82)) The Undivided Universe (Late) The Universe in a Nutshell (Mid) The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science and Spirituality (Late) The Unreasonableness of Separation (Mid-career) The Uses of Argument (Early) The Vantage Point The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (Mature) The Varieties of Religious Experience The View from Nowhere (Mid) The Visible and the Invisible (Late) The Voice of the Voiceless (Late) The Waste Land (Mid (the canonical modernist poem)) The Way of the Masks (Late) The Will to Believe (Mid (between Principles of Psychology and Varieties of Religious Experience)) The Will to Change (Late) The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (Late) The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (Late) The World and the Individual (Mid) The World as I See It (Mid-mature) The Wretched of the Earth (Late) Their Eyes Were Watching God (Mid) Their Finest Hour (Late) Theodicy (Late) Theological Investigations (Mid-to-late) Theological Orations (Orations 27-31) (Mid) Theology of Hope (Early) Theology of the Body (Mature (the major catechetical project of John Paul II's early pontificate)) Theology of the New Testament (Late) Theory of Colors (Mature) Theses on the Philosophy of History (Late) Things Fall Apart (Mid) Things and Their Parts (Mid) Thinking, Fast and Slow (Late) Thirukkural Thought and Language (Mid) Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (Early (Wollstonecraft's first published book, written from her experience as a governess and a school proprietress)) Thousand Points of Light (Mid) Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (Early-mid (after the Interpretation of Dreams)) Three Guineas (Late) Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry (Late (third volume of the After Virtue trilogy)) Théorie analytique des probabilités (Late) Time and Free Will (Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience) (Early) Time and Modality (Early (Prior's first major synthesis of tense logic, derived from his 1955-56 Oxford Locke Lectures)) Time and Narrative (Late) Time and the Other (Early (the breakthrough early work, before Totality and Infinity)) To the Lighthouse (Mid (Woolf at the height of her powers)) Tome of Leo (Epistola XXVIII) Tomorrow Is Now (Late) Tool-Being (Early (Harman's breakthrough work, derived from his 1999 DePaul PhD)) Topics (Mid-mature) Torah (Pentateuch) Totem and Taboo (Mid) Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Mid) Toward the African Revolution (Late) Tradition and the Individual Talent (Early (Eliot's major early critical statement)) Traité de mécanique céleste (Mid-to-late) Traité sur la tolérance (Late (the campaign-treatise of the Ferney period)) Traité élémentaire de chimie (Late) Translation of Plato's dialogues (Mature) Translations and commentaries on Aristotle's Categories (Mature (the late translation programme Boethius announced and partly completed before his death)) Treasure of Life (Mature) Treatise on Morality (Mid) Treatise on Nature and Grace (Mid) Treatise on Predestination, Foreknowledge, and Future Contingents (Mature) Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect (Early (Spinoza's first major philosophical project, left incomplete as the Ethics took shape)) Triads (Triads in Defense of the Holy Hesychasts) (Late) Tristes Tropiques (Mid (Lévi-Strauss's most widely read book)) Truth and Method (Mid) Truth and Other Enigmas (Mid) Tusculan Disputations (Late (composed in the year of Cicero's daughter's death, in his most intense period of philosophical writing)) Twenty Years at Hull-House (Late) Two Concepts of Liberty (Mid) Two Essays on Analytical Psychology (Mid) Two New Sciences (Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche, intorno à Due Nuove Scienze) (Late) Two Treatises of Government (Late) Ulysses (Mid) Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (Mid) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Late) Untimely Meditations (Early) Upheavals of Thought (Late-mature (Nussbaum's magnum opus, eight years in the writing after the Gifford Lectures)) Utopia (De Optimo Reipublicae Statu deque Nova Insula Utopia) (Mid) Vatican Sayings (Mature) Veritatis Splendor (Mature) Vexilla Regis and Selected Hymns Vidhi-viveka (Mature) Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (Early) Viṣṇu-Tattva-Nirṇaya (Mature) Vulgate (Latin Bible translation) (Mature) Waiting for Godot (En attendant Godot) (Mid) War and Peace (Mid) Warranted Christian Belief (Late) Ways a World Might Be (Late-middle) Ways of Seeing (Late) Ways of Worldmaking (Late) We Drink from Our Own Wells (Mid) We Have Never Been Modern (Nous n'avons jamais été modernes) (Mid) West India Emancipation (Mid) Westminster Confession of Faith (Mid) What Is Art? (Late) What Is Life? (Late) What is Cantor's Continuum Problem? (Middle-to-late) What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? (Mid (Douglass at the height of his oratorical powers)) When Things Fall Apart: Heart Advice for Difficult Times (Late) Where Do We Go from Here (Late) Who Owns the Future? (Middle (public-philosophical career)) Whose Justice? Which Rationality? (Mid-late (the second of the After Virtue trilogy)) Why We Can't Wait (Mid) Wild Ivy (Itsumadegusa) (Late) Wild Seed (Mid) Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (Mid) Women and Human Development (Middle-to-late) Women, Race & Class (Mid) Wonderful Life (Late) Word and Object (Mid) Words and Life (Late) Words of Paradise (Kalimát-i-Firdawsiyyih) (Late) Works of Love (Late (after the pseudonymous works; the major direct theological work)) Writing and Difference (Early) Writing the Book of the World (Mid) Wuthering Heights (Mid) Xunzi Xunzi You Are Not a Gadget (Early (public-philosophical career)) You Learn by Living (Late) You Must Set Forth at Dawn (Late) Yuishinshō Mon'i (Mature) Zafarnama (Mature) Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind (Late) Zen and Japanese Culture (Mid-Late) Zhuzi Yulei (Conversations of Master Zhu, Arranged Topically) (Late) al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya (The Meccan Revelations) (Late) al-Kashf ʿan Manāhij al-Adilla (Mature) al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine) (Mature) al-Ḥikma al-Mutaʿāliya fī l-Asfār al-ʿAqliyya al-Arbaʿa (Transcendent Wisdom in the Four Intellectual Journeys) (Late) Écrits (Mid) Éléments de la philosophie de Newton (Mid (the work that established Voltaire as a public intellectual of European reach)) Śrī Bhāṣya (Mid) Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq (The Philosophy of Illumination) (Mid)

Achille Mbembe Audre Lorde Bruno Latour Donna Haraway Hannah Arendt Pindar Protagoras of Abdera Theophrastus Thomas Kuhn Bhartrhari Ernst Mach John Archibald Wheeler John Stuart Mill Nick Bostrom Prince Shotoku Richard Wagner Yuval Noah Harari Abhinavagupta Al-Hallaj Alasdair MacIntyre Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius Apollonius of Tyana Bahá'u'lláh (Mírzá Ḥusayn-ʻAlí Núrí) Birgitta of Sweden Cornel West Dante Alighieri David J. Chalmers David the Invincible Desmond Tutu Dorothy Day Edith Stein (Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross) Eleanor Roosevelt Emmanuel Levinas Frantz Fanon G. E. M. Anscombe (Elizabeth Anscombe) Giovanni Pico della Mirandola Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Gregory Palamas Gregory of Nyssa Guru Gobind Singh Guru Nānak Dev Ji Helena Petrovna Blavatsky Henri Bergson Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk) Hildegard of Bingen Howard Thurman Huineng Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) Iris Murdoch Isaac ben Solomon Luria (the Ari) Isaac of Nineveh (Isaac the Syrian) J. M. E. McTaggart James Baldwin James Cone John Climacus (John of the Ladder) Jonathan Edwards Julian of Norwich Jürgen Habermas Karl Barth Karl Rahner Kukai (Kobo Daishi) Leontius of Byzantium Madhvācārya Mani Martianus Capella Martin Buber Martin Heidegger Mary Daly Maximus the Confessor Mencius (Mengzi) Michael Psellos Muhammad Iqbal Mulla Sadra (Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi) Nicolas Malebranche Nikolai Berdyaev Nishida Kitarō Nāgārjuna Origen of Alexandria Patanjali Philo of Alexandria Plato Pope Francis (Jorge Mario Bergoglio) Porphyry Proclus Lycaeus (Proclus Diadochus) Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite Pythagoras of Samos Rabia al-Adawiyya Rabindranath Tagore Raghavendra Swami Reinhold Niebuhr René Descartes Romanos the Melodist Sri Aurobindo Sun Ra (Herman Poole Blount) Symeon the New Theologian Synesius of Cyrene Terence McKenna Thomas Merton Toni Morrison Tsongkhapa Losang Drakpa Valmiki Vasubandhu Vine Deloria Jr. Vladimir Solovyov Walter Benjamin Wang Yangming William James Wonhyo Yukio Mishima Zhuangzi (Zhuang Zhou) Zongmi bell hooks Abraham Lincoln Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī Adam Smith Agastya Al-Biruni Al-Farabi Al-Jahiz Al-Kindi Al-Masudi Al-Muqaddasi Al-Razi (Rhazes) Al-Tabari Alan Turing Albert Einstein Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus) Alcaeus of Mytilene Alcuin of York Ali ibn Abi Talib Ambrose of Milan Amenemope Amos Anaxagoras of Clazomenae Anaximander of Miletus Anaximenes of Miletus Ani (scribe) Anselm of Canterbury Archilochus Archimedes of Syracuse Aristarchus of Samos Aristotle Arthur Norman Prior Ashurbanipal Athanasius of Alexandria Augustine of Hippo Barack H. Obama Basil of Caesarea (Basil the Great) Bede (the Venerable Bede) Benedict of Nursia Benjamin Franklin Bernard of Clairvaux Bertrand Russell Blaise Pascal Bonaventure (Giovanni di Fidanza) Brigham Young C. D. Broad C. S. Lewis Carl Sagan Catherine of Siena (Caterina Benincasa) Charles Darwin Christine de Pizan Chrysippus of Soli Cleanthes Clement of Alexandria Columba (Colmcille) Columbanus Ctesibius of Alexandria Daniel Kahneman David Bohm David Deutsch David Lewis Deborah Democritus of Abdera Derek Parfit Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam Dietrich Bonhoeffer Dio Chrysostom (Dio of Prusa) Diogenes of Sinope (the Cynic) Duke of Shao Duke of Zhou (Zhou Gong) Edward Stillingfleet Elijah Empedocles of Acragas Enmerkar (legendary) Epictetus Epicurus Eratosthenes of Cyrene Ernst Cassirer Ezekiel Ferdowsi Flavius Josephus Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator Frederick Copleston Frederick Douglass Friedrich Schleiermacher Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky Gaius Musonius Rufus Gaius Petronius Arbiter (Petronius) Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder) Galen Galileo Galilei Gaunilo of Marmoutiers George H. W. Bush George W. Bush Gerald R. Ford Gerbert of Aurillac (Pope Sylvester II) Gilgamesh Epic (traditional/anonymous) Gottlob Frege Graham Harman Gregory of Tours Gustavo Gutiérrez Hammurabi Han Yu Hasan al-Basri Hilary Putnam Hillel the Elder Hosea Hugh Everett III Ibn Khaldun Imhotep Irenaeus of Lyon Isaiah (First Isaiah) Isidore of Seville Ja'far al-Sadiq James Earl Carter Jr. Jaron Lanier Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jeremiah Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus) Job (traditional) Johannes Gutenberg (Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden) John Bramhall John Calvin (Jean Cauvin) John Chrysostom John Duns Scotus John Locke John Philoponus John Searle John Wesley John of Damascus Joseph R. Biden Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. Judah Halevi Karl Marx Karl Popper Karol Józef Wojtyła / Pope John Paul II Kautilya (Chanakya) King David King Merikare (Instructions for) Kumarila Bhatta Kurt Gödel Leonardo da Vinci Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Lu Xun Lucius Annaeus Seneca Lyndon B. Johnson Marcus Aurelius Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (Quintilian) Marcus Tullius Cicero Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (Vitruvius) Martha Nussbaum Martin Luther Martin Luther King Jr. Mary Wollstonecraft Maṇḍana Miśra Michael Servetus Moses (traditional) Moses Maimonides (Rambam) Mozi Nachmanides (Ramban) Nefertiti Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Niccolo Machiavelli Noam Chomsky Panaetius Patrick of Ireland (Patricius) Paul of Tarsus (Saul / Saint Paul) Pelagius Peter Abelard Peter Damian Peter Lombard Peter Singer Photius I of Constantinople Pierre-Simon Laplace Plutarch Polybius Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great) Pope Leo I (Leo the Great) Posidonius Publius Cornelius Tacitus Publius Vergilius Maro Quintus Horatius Flaccus Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus Rabanus Maurus Rabbi Akiva ben Joseph Ramon Llull Richard Dawkins Richard M. Nixon Robert Bellarmine Robert Grosseteste Robert Hooke Robert Stalnaker Roger Bacon Ronald W. Reagan Roy Bhaskar Rudolf Carnap Ruth narrative (traditional) Saadia Gaon Samuel Samuel Clarke Saul Kripke Sigmund Freud Simone Weil Sir Isaac Newton Sir Thomas More Solomon (traditional) Solomon ibn Gabirol Solon Stephen Hawking Strabo Søren Kierkegaard Thales of Miletus Thespis Thiruvalluvar Thomas Aquinas Thomas Hobbes Thomas Jefferson Thomas Stearns Eliot Thomas a Kempis (Thomas Hemerken) Thucydides Titus Livius Titus Lucretius Carus Tyrtaeus Udayana Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus Virginia Woolf Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) Václav Havel Willard Van Orman Quine William Franklin "Billy" Graham William J. Clinton William Shakespeare William Whewell William of Ockham Winston Churchill Xunzi Zarathustra (Zoroaster) Zeno of Citium Zeno of Elea Zhu Xi Īśvarakṛṣṇa