Work #1567 · Late period

Collected Philosophical Papers

Anscombe's 1981 three-volume Collected Philosophical Papers

G. E. M. Anscombe (Elizabeth Anscombe) · 1981 (papers c. 1950-1980) · English · Three-volume essay collection

Tradition: Analytic philosophy / Catholic-Aristotelian ethics / philosophy of mind / Wittgenstein scholarship

Anscombe's 1981 three-volume Collected Philosophical Papers — From Parmenides to Wittgenstein; Metaphysics; Ethics, Religion and Politics

Published by Blackwell in 1981 in three volumes — 'From Parmenides to Wittgenstein' (vol. 1), 'Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind' (vol. 2), and 'Ethics, Religion and Politics' (vol. 3) — this collection gathers nearly three decades of Anscombe's published papers (1953-1981). Anscombe wrote the introductions to each volume, explaining her own retrospective view of the papers. Major essays include: 'Modern Moral Philosophy' (1958, in vol. 3 — coined the term 'consequentialism' and prompted the modern virtue-ethics revival, arguing that contemporary moral philosophy lacks the metaphysics of human nature on which alone moral judgement could rest); 'Causality and Determination' (1971, the inaugural Cambridge lecture, vol. 2 — argues that causation is not regular-succession but the productive power of specific causes); 'The First Person' (1975, vol. 2 — on the self-referential character of 'I' and the so-called 'no-self' theories of personal identity); 'Memory, the History of Memory, and Mental Faculty' (vol. 2 — on the philosophy of memory); 'War and Murder' (1961, vol. 3 — defending the moral distinction between killing combatants and killing non-combatants in just-war theory); 'Mr Truman's Degree' (1956, vol. 3 — Anscombe's protest against the Oxford honorary degree for Harry Truman, the man who had ordered the atomic bombing of Japanese civilians); and dozens of others on Aristotle, Plato, Hume, Wittgenstein, intention, identity, and moral theology. The three volumes are the principal reference for Anscombe's work outside her books ('Intention', 'Three Philosophers', 'Introduction to Wittgenstein's Tractatus').

Author

Editions cited

  • Collected Philosophical Papers, 3 vols (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1981)
  • Vol. 1: From Parmenides to Wittgenstein; Vol. 2: Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind; Vol. 3: Ethics, Religion and Politics
  • Individual papers all originally published in journals or anthologies before 1981
  • Critical context: Mary Geach and Luke Gormally, eds., Faith in a Hard Ground: Essays on Religion, Philosophy and Ethics by G. E. M. Anscombe (Imprint Academic, 2008); Roger Teichmann, The Philosophy of Elizabeth Anscombe (Oxford, 2008)

School Embodiments

Analytic Metaphysics / Logical Atomism · 22%
Virtue Ethics · 22%
Philosophy of Mind · 16%
Catholic/Thomistic · 16%
Naturalism · 8%
Realism · 16%

Major analytic-philosophy collection.

"Modern Moral Philosophy." (Collected Papers, vol. 3 — coined 'consequentialism')

Founding paper of the modern virtue-ethics revival.

"It would be a great improvement if instead of 'morally wrong' one named a genus such as 'untruthful', 'unchaste', 'unjust'." (Modern Moral Philosophy, Collected Papers, vol. 3)

Major papers on action, intention, and the first person.

"The First Person." (Collected Papers, vol. 2)

Catholic-Aristotelian-Thomist framework throughout.

"The Catholic philosophical tradition supplies the framework for genuine ethics." (Modern Moral Philosophy)

Realist-Aristotelian naturalism in action theory.

"Intentional action is a natural-kind concept." (Collected Papers, vol. 2)
Realism 16%

Realism about causation, intention, and moral fact.

"Causal relations are real, not mere regularities." (Causality and Determination, in Collected Papers, vol. 2)

Internal Tensions

Principal reference work for Anscombe's papers; contains 'Modern Moral Philosophy', the founding paper of the modern virtue-ethics revival (continuously cited; the principal source of the post-1958 shift in Anglophone moral philosophy from utilitarianism/deontology toward virtue-ethical alternatives in MacIntyre, Foot, McDowell, and contemporary Aristotelian moral philosophy).

I. Time

1981 publication; papers composed 1953-1981.

Attributes
Extent: Finite Ontological Status: Substantival Grain: Continuous Freedom: Non-Deterministic Traversability: Linear Direction: Uni-directional Dimensionality: One

II. Space

Oxford / Cambridge. Anscombe had moved from Oxford to Cambridge in 1970, taking the chair Wittgenstein himself had held.

Attributes
Extent: Finite Ontological Status: Substantival Curvature: Flat Dimensionality: Three Locality: Local

III. Matter

Three-volume career collection (~1100 pages total). Each volume groups papers thematically; introduction by Anscombe to each.

Attributes
Extent: Finite Ontological Status: Substantival Conservation: Conserved Dimensionality: Three Locality: Local

IV. Observer

Late Anscombe. The observer-philosopher is the Wittgenstein executor and translator, the senior Catholic-Aristotelian-analytic philosopher of her generation, gathering thirty years of work for the first time.

Attributes
Time Instance: Single Space Instance: Single Knowledge Extent: Mediated Knowledge Retainment: Partial Physicality: Both Agency: Active Number: Plural Metaphysical Agency: Personal

V. Energy

Career-spanning energies. The collection spans Anscombe's most productive decades and shows the range of her analytic-Catholic-Aristotelian philosophical work.

Attributes
Extent: Finite Ontological Status: Substantival Conservation: Conserved Dispersibility: Irreversible

VI. Information

Three substantial volumes. 'Modern Moral Philosophy' (vol. 3) is the most-cited individual entry — the founding paper of the late-twentieth-century virtue-ethics revival.

Attributes
Ontological Status: Substantival Cosmic Conservation: Conserved Personal Conservation: Conserved Granularity: Continuous

Personas that cite this work

G. E. M. Anscombe (Elizabeth Anscombe) Alasdair MacIntyre

Personas with the nearest attribute fingerprint

Historical figures whose own classification on the same six-dimensional grid lands closest to this work's. Computed by attribute-agreement on coordinates both address.

Computed school proximity

The work's attribute fingerprint scored against all schools using the same quiz scorer. Useful as a sanity check on the hand-curated embodiments above.

How Collected Philosophical Papers resolves each dilemma

51 resolved positions across 4 dimensions, including 3 distinctive where the majority of schools go the other way · 6 unaligned.

Each dimension is sorted so minority positions come first. Mainstream positions are folded into an expandable list.

Time · 9 dilemmas · 3 distinctive

Persistence, the future, and the direction of becoming.

Distinctive · only 12% of schools agree (24/202)
Is the universe running out of usable energy?
The heat death of the universe — entropy maxed out, no further work possible — is among the more sobering implications of mainstream physics. Whether it is structurally inescapable depends on what kind of finitude the cosmos has.
The cosmos has bounds; heat death is a real horizon.
On this view, time itself is finite — the universe had a beginning and will have an end. Heat death (or whatever the actual end-state turns out to be) is a real horizon, structurally implied by the kind of cosmos we live in.
Roads not taken Time is unbounded but matter is finite; usable energy can fail without time failing. (47%) · Time both has and lacks bounds depending on the level you ask at; finitude is conventional. (26%) · Both time and matter are unbounded; 'running out' is misframed. (15%)
Distinctive · only 12% of schools agree (24/202)
Are natural resources fundamentally finite, or only practically so?
Whether we can grow our way out of resource constraints — or whether the cosmos sets limits the economy ultimately must obey — depends on what kind of finitude matter has.
Resources are finite in the strict sense; living well requires accepting the limit.
On this view, the cosmos is bounded in both time and matter; resources are categorically not renewable beyond what cosmic processes provide. Practical limits and metaphysical limits coincide. Living well means living within limits, not engineering around them.
Roads not taken Time goes on but matter is bounded; we are eventually constrained even with infinite time. (47%) · The finitude question is level-dependent; resource ethics happens at the level that constrains us. (26%) · Resources are practically inexhaustible on cosmic scales; terrestrial limits are engineering. (15%)
Distinctive · only 12% of schools agree (24/202)
Could we owe future generations more than is materially possible to provide?
If we owe future people a habitable planet and the material means to flourish, and the cosmos is bounded in ways that make those obligations impossible at some scale, the obligation and the possibility come apart. Where they come apart turns on what kind of finitude we live in.
The cosmos is bounded; our obligations to future generations are bounded with it.
On this view, the cosmos has limits; the obligation to future people is real but cannot exceed what the limits allow. The categorical worry about owing the impossible doesn't arise: the limits bound the asking. Ethics within a created or bounded order is the only …
Roads not taken Time is unbounded but matter is not; we can owe more across long time than the matter can provide. (47%) · The owing-and-possibility question is level-dependent; we owe what is appropriate at the level we act on. (26%) · Both time and matter are unbounded; we cannot in principle owe more than is possible. (15%)
6 mainstream positions
Matter · 7 dilemmas, all mainstream
Observer · 37 dilemmas, all mainstream
Could causation work backwards? Causation runs one way — the arrow of time is real and structural. 68% Is the asymmetry between memory and anticipation a real feature of time, or just of us? The asymmetry is real because time itself has a real direction. 68% Is the arrow of time a real feature of the cosmos, or only of how we describe it? The arrow is real and structural; the asymmetry isn't an artifact of description. 68% Is environmental damage ever truly permanent? Damage is real and permanent on the relevant timescales. There is no recovery; there is only limitation. 66% Can a civilization recover from collapse? Civilizational complexity is hard to build and easy to lose; recovery is at best partial. 66% Does the second law of thermodynamics mean something morally? Entropy is what time is. The moral weight, if any, is the weight of working against the current. 66% When does a person begin? A person exists from conception — when a new being comes into existence. 54% What is marriage? Marriage has a given form — it’s a kind of thing we recognize, not make. 54% What is our place in nature? Active in a real nature — we cultivate, steward, transform. 48% Should we colonize space? Cultivating worlds beyond Earth is the next form of stewardship. 48% Is genetic engineering of food stewardship or domination? Genetic modification is cultivation by other means. 48% Is reality fundamentally digital? No — continuous divine sustaining act, the Tao that knows no joints, the One's self-disclosure. 44% Are there indivisible units of experience? No — continuous divine presence; consciousness is the unbroken witness. 44% Is memory stored or reconstructed? Held in continuous divine or ancestral remembering — neither stored discretely nor purely reconstructed. 44% What happens to "you" when you die? A soul continues into another mode of being. 37% Can prayer for someone far away affect them? Prayer reaches because God or a cosmic ordering acts on the prayed-for. 37% Are coincidences ever more than coincidence? What looks like coincidence is providence — there is no such thing as a real coincidence. 37% Are the dead morally present to the living? The dead are present through divine memory, communion of saints, or ancestor presence. 35% Is divine omniscience compatible with human freedom? The human observer is in time, but God's vantage is not — and foreknowledge is not foreordering. 33% Does meditation reveal something genuinely timeless? Meditation participates in a real eternity — divine or cosmic — that the bounded human observer ordinarily cannot reach. 33% Does prayer change God's mind? God sees from outside time; prayer doesn't change God's mind, but it is part of how providence is enacted. 33% Could an AI have a mind that matters? No — minds are not the kind of thing we engineer. 30% Do animals have moral standing comparable to humans? Moral standing comparable to humans requires what only humans have. 29% Could a fetal brain organoid in a petri dish be conscious? Without ensoulment, an organoid is tissue, not a person. 29% What makes someone the same person over time? You are a soul — what persists through change is the non-bodily aspect. 29% Is the late-stage dementia patient still the person their spouse married? The soul persists; the cognitive change is the body's, not the person's. 29% If a teleporter copied and destroyed you, would you have survived? The soul accompanies the person; engineering can't transfer it. 29% Does environmental harm in another country bind me morally? Distance doesn't dilute obligation; communion of saints / divine relation spans the cosmos. 29% Should we trust expert testimony when we can't verify it? Defer to credentialed traditions; experts are the modern analog. 28% Is religious revelation a real source of knowledge? Revelation is the paradigm case of authoritative knowledge. 28% Does an LLM 'know' the things it correctly produces? An LLM has no soul to whom revelation could be addressed; the question doesn't apply. 28% Does history have a direction or meaning? How is knowledge of reality produced? Is salvation, liberation, or fulfillment individual or communal? Is truth universal, tradition-bound, situated, or constructed? What kind of religious-theological authority does the tradition recognize? Who is the moral primary — the individual, the community, the cosmos, the class, or the species?
Information · 4 dilemmas, all mainstream
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