Works

#541

The Spirit of the Laws (De l'esprit des lois) (Late)

Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu · 1748

Comparative political philosophy · French Enlightenment political theory

Montesquieu's 1748 foundational comparative political-legal theory — separation of powers and types of government

25% liberal-theology 15% realism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% empiricism 10% rationalism 10% platonism-classical 5% naturalism 5% hylomorphism 5% critical-realism +6

#542

Candide (Candide, ou l'Optimisme) (Late)

Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) · 1759

Philosophical-satirical novel · French Enlightenment satire

Voltaire's 1759 foundational philosophical novel — biting satire of Leibnizian optimism

20% liberal-theology 10% pyrrhonism 10% pragmatic-realism 15% realism 10% absurdism 5% rationalism 5% naturalism 10% empiricism 5% deism 5% nihilism 5% critical-realism +8

#543

Philosophical Letters (Lettres Philosophiques / Lettres Anglaises) (Mid)

Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) · 1734

Philosophical letters · French Enlightenment

Voltaire's 1734 Philosophical Letters — foundational text of French Anglophilic Enlightenment

25% liberal-theology 15% empiricism 10% rationalism 15% deism 10% naturalism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% realism 5% critical-realism 5% pyrrhonism 5% evangelical-protestantism +7

#544

Utopia (De Optimo Reipublicae Statu deque Nova Insula Utopia) (Mid)

St. Thomas More · 1516

Political-philosophical fiction · Northern Renaissance Christian humanism

More's 1516 Utopia — foundational text of utopian political philosophy

15% platonism-classical 15% catholic-thomistic 10% liberation-theology 10% liberal-theology 10% dialectical-materialism 5% neo-platonism 5% rationalism 5% pyrrhonism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% constructivism 5% realism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% christian-personalism +10

#545

The Passions of the Soul (Les Passions de l'âme) (Late)

René Descartes · 1649

Philosophical-psychological treatise · Continental rationalism

Descartes's 1649 foundational treatise on the mind-body union and the six primitive passions

25% rationalism 15% dualism 10% naturalism 5% platonism-classical 10% stoicism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% realism 5% hylomorphism 5% idealism 10% occasionalism 5% phenomenology +8

#546

Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence (Late)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Samuel Clarke · 1715-16

Philosophical correspondence · Continental rationalism vs. British natural theology

Leibniz-Clarke 1715-16 correspondence — landmark debate on space, time, and Newtonian-Leibnizian metaphysics

25% rationalism 10% naturalism 15% realism 15% relationalism 5% liberal-theology 5% lutheranism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% empiricism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% eternalism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism +8

#547

Time and Free Will (Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience) (Early)

Henri Bergson · 1889 (doctoral thesis)

Philosophy of mind and time · French process philosophy / vitalism

Bergson's 1889 foundational text on durée (lived duration) and free will

25% process-philosophy 15% phenomenology 10% idealism 10% realism 5% naturalism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% pragmatism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% rationalism 5% empiricism 5% panpsychism +8

#548

Matter and Memory (Matière et Mémoire) (Mid)

Henri Bergson · 1896

Philosophy of mind and body · French process philosophy / vitalism

Bergson's 1896 major work — image-theory of perception and memory as durée

25% process-philosophy 15% phenomenology 10% realism 10% idealism 10% neutral-monism 10% panpsychism 5% naturalism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% relationalism 5% empiricism +7

#549

Creative Evolution (L'évolution créatrice) (Late)

Henri Bergson · 1907

Vitalist philosophy of evolution · French process philosophy / vitalism

Bergson's 1907 vitalist philosophy of evolution — the élan vital

30% process-philosophy 10% naturalism 10% panpsychism 10% phenomenology 5% idealism 5% realism 5% transhumanism-posthumanism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% pragmatism 5% process-theology 5% romanticism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism +9

#550

Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt) (Early)

Franz Brentano · 1874

Empirical-philosophical psychology · Austrian school / Brentanian intentionality tradition

Brentano's 1874 foundational text — introducing intentionality as the mark of the mental

25% phenomenology 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% realism 15% empiricism 5% naturalism 10% catholic-thomistic 5% hylomorphism 5% rationalism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% idealism +7

#551

The Christian Faith (Der christliche Glaube) (Late)

Friedrich Schleiermacher · 1821-22 (rev. 1830-31)

Systematic Christian theology · German liberal Protestant theology

Schleiermacher's 1821-22 foundational text of modern liberal Protestant theology

35% liberal-theology 15% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% lutheranism 10% idealism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 10% romanticism 5% phenomenology 5% christian-existentialism 5% evangelical-protestantism +6

#552

Biographia Literaria (Mid)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge · 1817

Philosophical-literary autobiography · English Romanticism / German idealism transmission

Coleridge's 1817 foundational text of English Romantic-philosophical criticism

30% romanticism 20% idealism 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% platonism-classical 10% transcendentalism 5% liberal-theology 5% empiricism 5% rationalism +6

#553

Preface to Lyrical Ballads (Early)

William Wordsworth · 1800 (1st version); 1802 (expanded)

Romantic-poetic manifesto · English Romanticism

Wordsworth's 1800/1802 foundational manifesto of English Romantic poetics

35% romanticism 10% empiricism 10% idealism 5% evangelical-protestantism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% phenomenology 10% naturalism 5% transcendentalism 5% realism 5% animism-relational-indigenous +7

#554

A Confession (Ispoved') (Late)

Leo Tolstoy · 1882

Spiritual autobiography · Russian Orthodox-anarchist religious philosophy

Tolstoy's 1882 spiritual autobiography — his religious crisis and turn to radical Christian anarchism

15% eastern-orthodox-christianity 15% liberation-theology 5% evangelical-protestantism 10% liberal-theology 15% christian-existentialism 10% absurdism 10% nihilism 5% phenomenology 5% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% romanticism +8

#555

Leaves of Grass (Late)

Walt Whitman · 1855 (1st edn); 1881 (definitive); 1892 (deathbed)

American epic poetry · American Transcendentalism / democratic poetics

Whitman's 1855-92 foundational American democratic-poetic vision — "I contain multitudes"

30% transcendentalism 15% romanticism 10% spinozist-pantheism 5% pragmatism 10% liberation-theology 10% liberal-theology 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% panpsychism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% naturalism +7

#556

Faust, Part Two (Faust: Der Tragödie zweiter Teil) (Late)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe · 1832 (composed 1825-31; published posthumously)

Philosophical-symbolic drama · German Romanticism / Weimar Classicism

Goethe's 1832 Faust Part Two — culminating philosophical drama, completed in his final year

20% romanticism 15% idealism 10% platonism-classical 10% spinozist-pantheism 10% hermeticism 5% liberal-theology 5% lutheranism 10% neo-platonism 5% process-philosophy 5% panpsychism 5% transhumanism-posthumanism +8

#557

Consciousness Explained (Mid)

Daniel C. Dennett · 1991

Analytic philosophy of mind · American analytic naturalism / cognitive science

Dennett's 1991 naturalist-functionalist theory of consciousness — the "multiple drafts" model

25% naturalism 25% analytic-metaphysics 10% pragmatic-realism 10% pragmatism 10% dataism-information-ontology 5% realism 5% empiricism 5% transhumanism-posthumanism 5% critical-realism +6

#558

The Construction of Social Reality (Late)

John R. Searle · 1995

Analytic social ontology · American analytic philosophy

Searle's 1995 foundational philosophy of social-institutional reality — collective intentionality and status functions

30% analytic-metaphysics 15% realism 10% naturalism 15% constructivism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% phenomenology 5% liberal-theology 5% pragmatism 5% rationalism +6

#559

Speech Acts (Early)

John R. Searle · 1969

Analytic philosophy of language · British-American analytic philosophy

Searle's 1969 foundational systematic philosophy of language — speech act theory after Austin

35% analytic-metaphysics 15% pragmatic-realism 10% pragmatism 5% naturalism 10% realism 5% rationalism 5% phenomenology 5% empiricism 5% constructivism 5% structuralism +7

#560

The View from Nowhere (Mid)

Thomas Nagel · 1986

Analytic philosophy · American analytic philosophy

Nagel's 1986 systematic philosophy of subjective-objective duality — the irreducible tension between the two viewpoints

25% analytic-metaphysics 15% realism 10% rationalism 10% phenomenology 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% naturalism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% idealism 10% critical-realism 5% platonism-classical +7

#561

Warranted Christian Belief (Late)

Alvin Plantinga · 2000

Analytic philosophy of religion · American analytic Reformed epistemology

Plantinga's 2000 Reformed epistemology — Christian belief as warranted basic belief, not requiring evidentialist support

25% analytic-metaphysics 20% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% evangelical-protestantism 10% realism 5% rationalism 5% liberal-theology 10% naturalism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% pragmatic-realism 5% critical-realism +7

#562

An Essay on Free Will (Mid)

Peter van Inwagen · 1983

Analytic metaphysics · American analytic metaphysics

Van Inwagen's 1983 foundational analytic libertarian theory of free will — the Consequence Argument

35% analytic-metaphysics 15% realism 10% rationalism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% catholic-thomistic 10% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism 10% determinism 5% liberal-theology +6

#563

Reasons and Persons (Mid)

Derek Parfit · 1984

Analytic ethics and metaphysics · British analytic philosophy

Parfit's 1984 foundational analytic ethics and personal identity — "we are not what we believe"

30% analytic-metaphysics 15% rationalism 10% realism 10% buddhism 10% naturalism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% empiricism 5% platonism-classical 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% critical-realism +7

#564

On Bullshit (Late)

Harry G. Frankfurt · 1986 (Raritan); 2005 (book)

Analytic philosophical essay · American analytic philosophy

Frankfurt's 1986/2005 short philosophical essay — bullshit as indifference to truth, distinct from lying

30% analytic-metaphysics 15% realism 10% rationalism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% pragmatism 5% naturalism 10% critical-realism 5% liberal-theology 5% phenomenology 5% empiricism +7

#565

Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (Late)

John Rawls · 2001

Political philosophy · American political liberalism

Rawls's 2001 final statement — restatement of justice as fairness in light of decades of criticism

30% liberal-theology 15% analytic-metaphysics 15% kantian-transcendental-idealism 10% rationalism 10% constructivism 5% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% pragmatism 5% platonism-classical +6

#566

The Philosophy of Philosophy (Late)

Timothy Williamson · 2007

Analytic metaphilosophy · British analytic philosophy / Oxford

Williamson's 2007 defense of philosophical-metaphysical knowledge as continuous with ordinary inquiry

35% analytic-metaphysics 20% realism 15% rationalism 5% naturalism 5% pragmatic-realism 10% critical-realism 5% empiricism 5% logical-positivism +5

#567

Difference and Repetition (Différence et Répétition) (Mid)

Gilles Deleuze · 1968

Continental metaphysics · French poststructuralism / philosophy of immanence

Deleuze's 1968 foundational philosophy of difference and immanence — overturn of Platonism

20% process-philosophy 15% spinozist-pantheism 15% postmodernism 5% naturalism 10% structuralism 5% realism 5% phenomenology 5% existentialism 5% panpsychism 5% platonism-classical 5% idealism 5% nihilism +9

#568

Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, vol. 1 (Late)

Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari · 1972

Continental social ontology / schizoanalysis · French poststructuralism / schizoanalysis

Deleuze-Guattari 1972 foundational text of post-'68 schizoanalysis — capitalism, desire, and the body without organs

20% postmodernism 15% dialectical-materialism 15% critical-realism 10% process-philosophy 10% spinozist-pantheism 5% naturalism 5% structuralism 5% liberation-theology 5% panpsychism 5% relativism 5% constructivism +8

#569

A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, vol. 2 (Late)

Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari · 1980

Continental rhizomatic philosophy · French poststructuralism / rhizomatic thought

Deleuze-Guattari 1980 monumental rhizomatic philosophy — the second Capitalism and Schizophrenia

20% postmodernism 15% process-philosophy 10% spinozist-pantheism 10% dialectical-materialism 10% naturalism 5% structuralism 5% realism 5% panpsychism 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% critical-realism 5% deep-ecology 5% liberation-theology +9

#570

Écrits (Mid)

Jacques Lacan · 1966 (essays 1936-66)

Psychoanalytic theory · French psychoanalysis / structuralism

Lacan's 1966 foundational Écrits — psychoanalytic theory of the imaginary, symbolic, real

25% structuralism 15% postmodernism 10% critical-realism 10% phenomenology 10% idealism 5% existentialism 5% realism 5% rationalism 5% liberation-theology 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% naturalism +8

#571

The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (Late)

Jacques Lacan · 1964 (seminar); 1973 (book)

Psychoanalytic seminar · French psychoanalysis

Lacan's 1964 foundational seminar on the four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis

25% structuralism 10% postmodernism 15% phenomenology 10% critical-realism 10% existentialism 10% idealism 5% realism 5% liberation-theology 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% rationalism +7

#572

The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (La condition postmoderne) (Late)

Jean-François Lyotard · 1979

Report on knowledge / philosophy · French postmodernism

Lyotard's 1979 foundational text — postmodernism as incredulity toward metanarratives

35% postmodernism 10% pyrrhonism 10% relativism 10% constructivism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% pragmatism 5% critical-realism 5% structuralism 5% naturalism 10% dataism-information-ontology +7

#573

Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection (Pouvoirs de l'horreur) (Mid)

Julia Kristeva · 1980

Psychoanalytic-literary theory · French poststructuralist psychoanalysis

Kristeva's 1980 foundational psychoanalytic-literary theory of abjection

20% postmodernism 15% structuralism 10% critical-realism 10% liberation-theology 10% phenomenology 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% realism 5% existentialism 5% naturalism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% constructivism 5% romanticism +9

#574

Speculum of the Other Woman (Speculum, de l'autre femme) (Mid)

Luce Irigaray · 1974

Feminist philosophy / psychoanalysis · French feminist poststructuralism

Irigaray's 1974 foundational feminist critique — Western philosophy as phallocentric specularization

20% postmodernism 15% liberation-theology 15% structuralism 10% critical-realism 5% phenomenology 5% platonism-classical 5% existentialism 5% realism 5% constructivism 5% idealism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% romanticism +9

#575

Simulacra and Simulation (Simulacres et simulation) (Late)

Jean Baudrillard · 1981

Postmodern cultural theory · French postmodernist sociology

Baudrillard's 1981 foundational text on hyperreality and the simulacrum — "the desert of the real itself"

30% postmodernism 10% structuralism 10% critical-realism 15% simulation-theory 10% dialectical-materialism 10% nihilism 5% dataism-information-ontology 5% absurdism 5% relativism +6

#576

Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Late)

Giorgio Agamben · 1995

Political philosophy / biopolitics · Italian post-Heideggerian biopolitical philosophy

Agamben's 1995 foundational text on biopolitics and sovereign exception — bare life and homo sacer

15% postmodernism 15% critical-realism 10% existentialism 10% liberation-theology 10% realism 5% platonism-classical 5% hylomorphism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% dialectical-materialism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% pyrrhonism 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% nihilism +10

#577

An Inquiry into the Good (Zen no Kenkyū) (Early)

Nishida Kitarō · 1911

East-West synthetic philosophy · Japanese Kyoto School / Zen-Western philosophy

Nishida's 1911 foundational Kyoto School text — "pure experience" as the foundation of philosophy

20% buddhism 15% pragmatism 15% phenomenology 10% idealism 10% process-philosophy 5% platonism-classical 5% shintoism 5% taoism 5% realism 5% panpsychism 5% pure-land-buddhism +8

#578

Climate and Culture (Fūdo: ningengakuteki kōsatsu) (Mid)

Watsuji Tetsurō · 1935

Philosophical anthropology · Japanese Kyoto School / Watsuji ethics

Watsuji's 1935 Fūdo — climate as the ground of cultural-philosophical difference

20% phenomenology 15% existentialism 10% shintoism 10% buddhism 10% deep-ecology 5% animism-relational-indigenous 10% confucianism 5% realism 5% relationalism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism +8

#579

Philosophy as Metanoetics (Zangedō to shite no tetsugaku) (Late)

Tanabe Hajime · 1946

Buddhist-Christian philosophical theology · Japanese Kyoto School

Tanabe's 1946 foundational philosophy as repentance — Buddhist-Christian metanoetics after WWII

25% pure-land-buddhism 15% buddhism 10% christian-existentialism 10% liberal-theology 5% phenomenology 10% existentialism 5% idealism 5% shintoism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% lutheranism 5% process-philosophy +8

#580

African Religions and Philosophy (Mid)

John S. Mbiti · 1969 (2nd edn 1990)

Comparative African religious philosophy · African religious-philosophical studies

Mbiti's 1969 foundational text — "I am because we are; we are because I am"

25% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 20% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 15% animism-relational-indigenous 10% liberation-theology 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% liberal-theology 5% phenomenology 5% process-philosophy 5% realism 5% critical-realism +7

#581

Cultural Universals and Particulars: An African Perspective (Late)

Kwasi Wiredu · 1996

African philosophy · Ghanaian / African analytic philosophy

Wiredu's 1996 foundational text — African philosophy and the cross-cultural universals/particulars distinction

20% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 10% animism-relational-indigenous 10% liberation-theology 10% pragmatic-realism 5% realism 5% rationalism 5% critical-realism 5% naturalism 5% empiricism +8

#582

Philosophy of Liberation (Filosofía de la Liberación) (Mid)

Enrique Dussel · 1977

Latin American liberation philosophy · Latin American liberation philosophy

Dussel's 1977 foundational text of Latin American philosophy of liberation

30% liberation-theology 15% dialectical-materialism 10% catholic-thomistic 10% critical-realism 10% phenomenology 5% postmodernism 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% realism 5% hylomorphism 5% liberal-theology +7

#583

Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality (Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana) (Mid)

José Carlos Mariátegui · 1928

Marxist-historical analysis · Latin American (Peruvian) Marxism

Mariátegui's 1928 Seven Essays — foundational text of Latin American Marxism integrating Indigenous question

30% dialectical-materialism 15% liberation-theology 15% animism-relational-indigenous 10% critical-realism 10% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% romanticism 5% empiricism +6

#584

Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza (Mid)

Gloria Anzaldúa · 1987

Chicana feminist-philosophical theory · Chicana feminism / borderland epistemology

Anzaldúa's 1987 foundational Chicana feminist-philosophical work — the new mestiza consciousness

20% liberation-theology 15% animism-relational-indigenous 10% postmodernism 10% critical-realism 5% catholic-thomistic 10% phenomenology 5% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 5% realism 5% constructivism 5% hermeticism 5% romanticism 5% liberal-theology +9

#585

The Idea of Latin America (Late)

Walter D. Mignolo · 2005

Decolonial theory · Latin American decolonial theory

Mignolo's 2005 decolonial-theoretical text — "Latin America" as colonial-Eurocentric construction

20% liberation-theology 15% postmodernism 15% critical-realism 10% animism-relational-indigenous 10% dialectical-materialism 5% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 5% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 5% realism 10% constructivism 5% relativism +7

#586

Toward the African Revolution (Late)

Frantz Fanon · 1952-1961 essays; 1964 (collection)

Anti-colonial political essays · Caribbean-Algerian decolonial thought

Fanon's 1964 posthumous collection — major political essays on the African revolution

25% liberation-theology 20% dialectical-materialism 10% critical-realism 10% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 10% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 10% existentialism 5% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% islamic-philosophy-falsafa +6

#587

After Finitude: An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency (Après la finitude) (Late)

Quentin Meillassoux · 2006

Speculative metaphysics · French speculative realism

Meillassoux's 2006 foundational text of speculative realism — critique of correlationism, principle of factuality

10% analytic-metaphysics 25% realism 15% rationalism 10% object-oriented-ontology 10% naturalism 10% pythagoreanism 5% critical-realism 5% idealism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% postmodernism +7

#588

We Have Never Been Modern (Nous n'avons jamais été modernes) (Mid)

Bruno Latour · 1991

Anthropology of science / sociology of knowledge · French science studies / actor-network theory

Latour's 1991 foundational text — "we have never been modern" because the modern purification of nature-society never happened

20% constructivism 10% postmodernism 15% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% naturalism 10% relationalism 5% phenomenology 5% critical-realism 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% object-oriented-ontology 5% pragmatism +8

#589

Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory (Late)

Bruno Latour · 2005

Sociological-theoretical introduction · Actor-network theory

Latour's 2005 systematic introduction to actor-network theory — "the social" reassembled as networks of human and non-human actants

15% constructivism 25% relationalism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% naturalism 10% pragmatism 10% object-oriented-ontology 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% critical-realism +6

#590

Silent Spring (Late)

Rachel Carson · 1962

Environmental science / advocacy · American environmental philosophy

Carson's 1962 foundational text of the modern environmental movement — pesticides and the threat to ecological web

20% naturalism 20% deep-ecology 15% realism 10% empiricism 5% pragmatic-realism 10% animism-relational-indigenous 10% critical-realism 5% pragmatism 5% liberal-theology +6

#591

A Sand County Almanac (Late)

Aldo Leopold · 1949 (posthumous)

Ecological essays · American environmental philosophy

Leopold's 1949 foundational text of the land ethic — "thinking like a mountain"

25% deep-ecology 20% naturalism 15% animism-relational-indigenous 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% pragmatism 5% transcendentalism 5% process-philosophy 5% critical-realism +6

#592

Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (Late)

James Lovelock · 1979

Earth-systems science · Earth-systems science / Gaia theory

Lovelock's 1979 foundational text of the Gaia hypothesis — Earth as a self-regulating organism

20% naturalism 15% deep-ecology 10% animism-relational-indigenous 10% realism 10% process-philosophy 10% empiricism 5% panpsychism 5% spinozist-pantheism 5% dataism-information-ontology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% relationalism +8

#593

The Dream of the Earth (Late)

Thomas Berry · 1988

Ecological theology / cosmology · American ecological theology / cosmological-Christian

Berry's 1988 foundational text of ecological theology — the "Great Work" of transition to Ecozoic Era

20% deep-ecology 15% catholic-thomistic 15% process-theology 10% animism-relational-indigenous 5% liberation-theology 10% panpsychism 5% spinozist-pantheism 10% naturalism 5% liberal-theology 5% transhumanism-posthumanism +7

#594

The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness (Late)

Donna J. Haraway · 2003

Multi-species feminist philosophy · American feminist science studies

Haraway's 2003 foundational text on multi-species companionship — dogs and humans as significant others

15% postmodernism 10% naturalism 10% liberation-theology 15% relationalism 5% deep-ecology 10% animism-relational-indigenous 10% critical-realism 10% transhumanism-posthumanism 5% realism 5% phenomenology 5% pragmatic-realism +8

#595

Critique of Cynical Reason (Kritik der zynischen Vernunft) (Mid)

Peter Sloterdijk · 1983

Cultural philosophy · German contemporary cultural philosophy

Sloterdijk's 1983 foundational text on cynicism as the dominant mode of modern consciousness

20% critical-realism 15% postmodernism 10% existentialism 10% naturalism 5% platonism-classical 5% pragmatic-realism 10% dialectical-materialism 10% nihilism 5% phenomenology 5% absurdism 5% romanticism +8

#596

The End of History and the Last Man (Mid)

Francis Fukuyama · 1992

Political philosophy · American Hegelian political theory

Fukuyama's 1992 controversial post-Cold-War political philosophy — the "end of history" in liberal democracy

25% liberal-theology 15% idealism 10% realism 10% rationalism 10% platonism-classical 10% pragmatic-realism 5% critical-realism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% naturalism 5% nihilism +7

#597

The Emperor's New Mind (Late)

Roger Penrose · 1989

Mathematical physics / philosophy of mind · British mathematical physics / consciousness studies

Penrose's 1989 foundational text — consciousness is non-computable and quantum-mechanical

15% analytic-metaphysics 20% platonism-classical 15% realism 10% rationalism 15% quantum-realism 10% naturalism 5% panpsychism 5% pythagoreanism 5% critical-realism +6

#598

Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (Mid)

Douglas R. Hofstadter · 1979

Cognitive science / mathematical-philosophical work · American cognitive science / artificial intelligence

Hofstadter's 1979 foundational text — strange loops, self-reference, and the emergence of consciousness

15% analytic-metaphysics 15% naturalism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% pythagoreanism 5% platonism-classical 5% realism 10% rationalism 10% dataism-information-ontology 5% logicism 5% transhumanism-posthumanism 5% simulation-theory 5% pragmatism +9

#599

Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (Mid)

Wilfrid Sellars · 1956

Analytic philosophy of mind · American Pittsburgh-school analytic philosophy

Sellars's 1956 foundational text — critique of the "Myth of the Given" and the space of reasons

30% analytic-metaphysics 15% pragmatism 15% rationalism 10% realism 10% naturalism 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% empiricism 5% logical-positivism +5

#600

Ways of Worldmaking (Late)

Nelson Goodman · 1978

Analytic philosophy · American analytic constructive empiricism / irrealist pluralism

Goodman's 1978 foundational text of irrealist pluralism — multiple worlds-of-our-making

25% analytic-metaphysics 20% constructivism 15% pragmatism 5% pragmatic-realism 10% relativism 5% empiricism 5% naturalism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% logical-positivism 5% multiverse-theory +7