Works

#481

Long Commentary on De Anima (Late)

Averroes (Ibn Rushd) · c. 1190

Philosophical commentary · Islamic Peripatetic philosophy (Andalusian)

Averroes's c. 1190 longest commentary on Aristotle's De Anima — foundational for Latin Averroism

30% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 20% platonism-classical 10% neo-platonism 15% hylomorphism 10% catholic-thomistic 5% rationalism 5% naturalism 5% idealism +5

#482

Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam (Bezels of Wisdom) (Late)

Ibn ʿArabī (Muḥyī al-Dīn) · c. 1229

Sufi mystical-philosophical treatise · Andalusian-Islamic Sufism (Akbarian school)

Ibn ʿArabī's c. 1229 foundational Sufi mystical-philosophical masterwork — 27 chapters on prophets

40% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 10% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 15% neo-platonism 10% hermeticism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 10% spinozist-pantheism 5% platonism-classical 5% panpsychism +5

#483

al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya (The Meccan Revelations) (Late)

Ibn ʿArabī (Muḥyī al-Dīn) · c. 1202-31

Sufi philosophical encyclopedia · Andalusian-Islamic Sufism (Akbarian school)

Ibn ʿArabī's monumental 37-volume Sufi philosophical encyclopedia — the great compendium of Akbarian Sufism

40% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 10% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 15% neo-platonism 10% hermeticism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 10% spinozist-pantheism 5% platonism-classical 5% pythagoreanism +5

#484

al-Ḥikma al-Mutaʿāliya fī l-Asfār al-ʿAqliyya al-Arbaʿa (Transcendent Wisdom in the Four Intellectual Journeys) (Late)

Mullā Ṣadrā (Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī) · c. 1628

Islamic philosophical-mystical magnum opus · Iranian School of Isfahan / Transcendent Theosophy (al-ḥikma al-mutaʿāliya)

Mullā Ṣadrā's 17th-c. magnum opus — the great synthesis of Iranian Islamic philosophy

25% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 20% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 15% neo-platonism 5% hermeticism 5% platonism-classical 5% hylomorphism 10% process-philosophy 5% idealism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% spinozist-pantheism +7

#485

Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq (The Philosophy of Illumination) (Mid)

Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī · c. 1186

Illuminationist philosophical treatise · Islamic Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) philosophy

Suhrawardī's 12th-c. foundational Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) philosophy — light-ontology

20% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 15% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 20% neo-platonism 10% hermeticism 10% platonism-classical 10% zoroastrianism 5% pythagoreanism 5% idealism 5% phenomenology +6

#486

Mabādiʾ Ārāʾ Ahl al-Madīna al-Fāḍila (Principles of the Opinions of the Inhabitants of the Virtuous City) (Mid)

al-Fārābī (Abū Naṣr) · c. 942

Political-cosmological philosophy · Islamic Peripatetic / al-Fārābī school

al-Fārābī's 10th-c. foundational Islamic political philosophy — the virtuous city

30% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 20% platonism-classical 20% neo-platonism 5% hylomorphism 10% rationalism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% pythagoreanism 5% idealism +5

#487

Fī l-Falsafa al-Ūlā (On First Philosophy) (Early)

al-Kindī (Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb) · c. 850

Philosophical treatise · Islamic Peripatetic philosophy (early falsafa)

al-Kindī's 9th-c. foundational text of Arabic-Islamic philosophy — the first Arab philosopher

30% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 20% platonism-classical 20% neo-platonism 10% hylomorphism 10% rationalism 5% pythagoreanism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud +4

#488

Muqaddimah (Late)

Ibn Khaldūn (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān) · 1377

Historiographical-social-scientific treatise · Maghrebi-Islamic historiography / philosophy of history

Ibn Khaldūn's 1377 foundational work of historiography and social science — ʿaṣabiyya as the engine of history

15% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 20% realism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% naturalism 10% empiricism 5% hylomorphism 5% rationalism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% dialectical-materialism 5% platonism-classical 5% critical-realism +8

#489

Itinerarium Mentis in Deum (The Mind's Road to God) (Mid)

St. Bonaventure (Giovanni di Fidanza) · 1259

Mystical-philosophical treatise · Franciscan scholasticism

Bonaventure's 1259 foundational Franciscan mystical-philosophical synthesis — six-stage ascent of the soul to God

15% catholic-thomistic 25% neo-platonism 10% platonism-classical 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% hylomorphism 5% idealism 10% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% hermeticism 5% liberal-theology 5% christian-existentialism 5% phenomenology +9

#490

Ordinatio (Late)

John Duns Scotus (the Subtle Doctor) · c. 1300

Theological commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard · Franciscan scholasticism

Duns Scotus's c. 1300 major Sentences commentary — univocity of being, formal distinction, haecceity

25% catholic-thomistic 10% platonism-classical 10% neo-platonism 10% hylomorphism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% realism 10% rationalism 5% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% liberal-theology +7

#491

Summa Logicae (Late)

William of Ockham · c. 1323

Scholastic logic treatise · Franciscan nominalist scholasticism

Ockham's c. 1323 foundational nominalist Summa of Logic — Ockham's razor and the elimination of universals

15% catholic-thomistic 15% platonism-classical 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% empiricism 5% realism 10% rationalism 5% hylomorphism 10% logicism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism 5% evangelical-protestantism +8

#492

De Docta Ignorantia (On Learned Ignorance) (Late)

Nicholas of Cusa (Nikolaus von Kues) · 1440

Renaissance philosophical-mystical treatise · German Christian mystical Neoplatonism

Cusa's 1440 foundational Renaissance work on the coincidence of opposites and learned ignorance

25% neo-platonism 10% catholic-thomistic 10% platonism-classical 10% pythagoreanism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 10% hermeticism 5% spinozist-pantheism 5% idealism 10% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% process-philosophy 5% pyrrhonism +8

#493

The Divine Names (De Divinis Nominibus) (Late)

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite · late 5th or early 6th century

Mystical-theological treatise · Late-antique Christian Neoplatonism

Pseudo-Dionysius's late 5th-c. foundational Christian Neoplatonist theology of divine names

30% neo-platonism 15% platonism-classical 20% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% catholic-thomistic 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% hermeticism 5% liberal-theology 5% idealism 5% kabbalah-lurianic +6

#494

The Life of Moses (De Vita Moysis) (Late)

St. Gregory of Nyssa · c. 390

Spiritual-allegorical treatise · Cappadocian patristic theology

Gregory of Nyssa's c. 390 foundational mystical-theological reading of Moses — perpetual ascent into God

20% neo-platonism 25% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% platonism-classical 5% catholic-thomistic 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% liberal-theology 5% phenomenology 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% process-philosophy 5% idealism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% christian-existentialism +9

#495

Periphyseon (On the Division of Nature) (Mid)

John Scotus Eriugena · c. 867

Cosmological-theological dialogue · Carolingian Christian Neoplatonism

Eriugena's c. 867 foundational Carolingian Neoplatonist cosmology — fourfold division of nature

30% neo-platonism 15% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% platonism-classical 5% catholic-thomistic 10% spinozist-pantheism 10% idealism 5% process-philosophy 5% panpsychism 5% hermeticism 5% pythagoreanism +7

#496

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Late)

Mary Wollstonecraft · 1792

Feminist political philosophy · British Enlightenment feminism

Wollstonecraft's 1792 foundational feminist political philosophy — equality of rational education

25% liberal-theology 15% liberation-theology 10% empiricism 15% rationalism 5% realism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% platonism-classical 5% romanticism 5% naturalism +8

#497

The Feminine Mystique (Late)

Betty Friedan · 1963

Feminist cultural critique · American second-wave liberal feminism

Friedan's 1963 catalyst of second-wave American feminism — "the problem that has no name"

25% liberal-theology 15% liberation-theology 15% psychoanalysis 10% existentialism 10% naturalism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% empiricism 5% pragmatism +7

#498

Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Mid)

Catharine A. MacKinnon · 1989

Feminist political-legal theory · American radical feminism

MacKinnon's 1989 foundational radical-feminist legal-political theory — sex as a political category

25% liberation-theology 15% dialectical-materialism 10% critical-realism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% realism 10% constructivism 5% postmodernism 5% phenomenology 5% liberal-theology 5% pragmatic-realism +7

#499

Frontiers of Justice (Late)

Martha C. Nussbaum · 2006

Political philosophy · American liberal-Aristotelian capabilities approach

Nussbaum's 2006 application of the capabilities approach to disability, nationality, and species membership

20% liberal-theology 15% platonism-classical 10% hylomorphism 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% realism 5% dialectical-materialism 10% liberation-theology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism 5% pragmatism +7

#500

Justice and the Politics of Difference (Mid)

Iris Marion Young · 1990

Political philosophy · American critical feminism / postmodern social theory

Young's 1990 foundational work on group-based oppression and justice — the "five faces of oppression"

20% liberation-theology 15% critical-realism 15% postmodernism 10% dialectical-materialism 10% phenomenology 5% analytic-metaphysics 10% constructivism 5% liberal-theology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% realism +7

#501

Omnipotence and Other Theological Mistakes (Late)

Charles Hartshorne · 1984

Process-theological essay · American process theology

Hartshorne's 1984 foundational process-theological critique of classical theism's "six mistakes"

30% process-theology 25% process-philosophy 10% liberal-theology 10% panpsychism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% realism 5% pragmatism 5% spinozist-pantheism 5% naturalism +6

#502

Christ in a Pluralistic Age (Mid)

John B. Cobb Jr. · 1975

Process-theological Christology · American process theology

Cobb's 1975 foundational process-theological Christology in dialogue with non-Christian religions

30% process-theology 20% process-philosophy 15% liberal-theology 10% buddhism 5% panpsychism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% realism 5% liberation-theology +6

#503

Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre) (Early)

Johann Gottlieb Fichte · 1794-95

Systematic philosophical work · German idealism

Fichte's 1794-95 foundational German idealist work — the self-positing I (Ich)

35% idealism 25% kantian-transcendental-idealism 10% rationalism 5% phenomenology 5% analytic-metaphysics 10% romanticism 5% lutheranism 5% liberal-theology +5

#504

Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (Late)

Thomas Reid · 1785

Philosophy of mind · Scottish common-sense philosophy

Reid's 1785 foundational Scottish "common sense" philosophy — direct realist response to Hume

30% realism 15% pragmatic-realism 15% empiricism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% analytic-metaphysics 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% naturalism 5% rationalism 5% liberal-theology +6

#505

Ethics (Ethik) (Late)

Dietrich Bonhoeffer · 1940-43 (unfinished; first German edition 1949)

Christian ethics · German Lutheran Confessing Church ethics

Bonhoeffer's unfinished 1940-43 ethical magnum opus — Christian ethics for "responsible action"

25% lutheranism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% liberal-theology 10% evangelical-protestantism 10% christian-existentialism 5% catholic-thomistic 10% christian-personalism 5% liberation-theology 5% phenomenology 5% hylomorphism 5% realism +8

#506

Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color (Mid)

Kimberlé Crenshaw · 1991 (Stanford Law Review)

Critical race / feminist legal theory · American critical race theory

Crenshaw's 1991 foundational essay on intersectionality — Black women at the intersection of race and gender

25% liberation-theology 15% critical-realism 10% postmodernism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% dialectical-materialism 10% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 10% realism 5% constructivism 5% phenomenology +6

#507

On Nature (Peri Physeos) (Early)

Parmenides of Elea · c. 475 BCE

Philosophical poem (fragments) · Pre-Socratic Eleatic philosophy

Parmenides's c. 475 BCE foundational philosophical poem — the Way of Truth and Way of Opinion

25% platonism-classical 20% eternalism 15% rationalism 10% idealism 10% realism 10% neo-platonism 5% pythagoreanism 5% pyrrhonism +5

#508

On Nature and Purifications (Fragments) (Early)

Empedocles of Acragas · c. 450 BCE

Philosophical poems (fragments) · Pre-Socratic philosophy

Empedocles's c. 450 BCE fragments — four roots (earth, air, fire, water), love and strife, transmigration

15% platonism-classical 20% pythagoreanism 10% animism-relational-indigenous 10% panpsychism 10% hylomorphism 10% naturalism 5% neo-platonism 10% process-philosophy 5% realism 5% hermeticism +7

#509

On Nature (Fragments) (Early)

Anaxagoras of Clazomenae · c. 460 BCE

Philosophical prose (fragments) · Pre-Socratic philosophy

Anaxagoras's c. 460 BCE fragments — Nous (Mind) as cosmic ordering principle

15% platonism-classical 15% idealism 15% naturalism 10% rationalism 10% realism 10% panpsychism 5% neo-platonism 5% hylomorphism 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% pythagoreanism 5% pragmatic-realism +8

#510

Discourses (Diatribai) (Mid)

Epictetus (recorded by Arrian) · c. 108 CE

Recorded philosophical discourses · Late Stoic philosophy

Epictetus's c. 108 CE recorded lectures — foundational late Stoic ethics of what is in our power

40% stoicism 10% platonism-classical 10% rationalism 5% hylomorphism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% pyrrhonism 5% naturalism 5% determinism +6

#511

Enchiridion (Handbook) (Late)

Epictetus (compiled by Arrian) · c. 125 CE

Practical Stoic handbook · Late Stoic philosophy

Epictetus's c. 125 CE compact Stoic handbook — the most influential late Stoic text in posterity

45% stoicism 5% platonism-classical 10% rationalism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism 5% determinism 5% pyrrhonism 5% pragmatism +6

#512

De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things) (Mid)

Titus Lucretius Carus · c. 55 BCE

Didactic philosophical poem · Roman Epicurean philosophy

Lucretius's 1st-c. BCE foundational Latin poem expounding Epicurean atomist philosophy

40% epicureanism 20% naturalism 5% dialectical-materialism 5% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% empiricism 5% platonism-classical 5% deism +5

#513

Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (Late)

Diogenes Laertius · c. 3rd century CE

Doxographical biography · Late antique Greek doxography

Diogenes Laertius's 3rd-c. foundational doxographical biography of ancient Greek philosophers

15% platonism-classical 10% stoicism 15% epicureanism 10% pyrrhonism 5% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% neo-platonism 5% rationalism 5% empiricism 5% naturalism 5% hylomorphism 10% pythagoreanism 5% pragmatism +10

#514

Moralia (Ēthika) (Late)

Plutarch of Chaeronea · c. 100 CE

Philosophical-religious essays · Middle Platonism

Plutarch's 1st-2nd c. CE essays on moral, religious, philosophical topics — major Middle Platonist text

25% platonism-classical 15% neo-platonism 10% stoicism 10% pythagoreanism 5% hermeticism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% realism 5% rationalism 5% idealism 5% epicureanism 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% pyrrhonism 5% middle-platonism +10

#515

Isagoge (Introduction to Aristotle's Categories) (Late)

Porphyry of Tyre · c. 270

Logical-philosophical treatise · Neoplatonism / Aristotelian commentary

Porphyry's c. 270 introduction to Aristotelian logic — foundational late-antique and medieval philosophical text

25% neo-platonism 15% platonism-classical 15% hylomorphism 10% catholic-thomistic 10% rationalism 10% realism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% idealism 5% logicism +6

#516

Adversus Mathematicos (Against the Mathematicians / Professors) (Late)

Sextus Empiricus · c. 180-200 CE

Sceptical philosophical treatise · Late Pyrrhonist scepticism

Sextus's c. 180-200 CE major Pyrrhonist work — sceptical attack on the disciplines

40% pyrrhonism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% platonism-classical 5% hylomorphism 5% stoicism 5% epicureanism 10% empiricism 10% relativism 5% pythagoreanism 5% constructivism 5% critical-realism +8

#517

On First Principles (Peri Archōn / De Principiis) (Early)

Origen of Alexandria · c. 230

Systematic theology · Alexandrian Christian theology

Origen's c. 230 foundational systematic theological work — the first Christian systematic

20% eastern-orthodox-christianity 20% neo-platonism 15% platonism-classical 10% catholic-thomistic 10% liberal-theology 5% hermeticism 5% liberation-theology 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% idealism 5% process-theology +7

#518

On the Incarnation (De Incarnatione Verbi Dei) (Early)

St. Athanasius of Alexandria · c. 318

Theological treatise · Alexandrian patristic theology

Athanasius's c. 318 foundational treatise on the incarnation — "God became man so that man might become god"

30% eastern-orthodox-christianity 15% catholic-thomistic 10% platonism-classical 10% neo-platonism 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% lutheranism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% liberation-theology 5% hylomorphism 5% realism +7

#519

On the Holy Spirit (De Spiritu Sancto) (Late)

St. Basil of Caesarea (the Great) · c. 375

Theological treatise · Cappadocian patristic theology

Basil's c. 375 foundational pneumatological treatise — defending the divinity of the Holy Spirit

30% eastern-orthodox-christianity 15% catholic-thomistic 10% platonism-classical 10% neo-platonism 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% lutheranism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% liberal-theology 5% process-theology 5% liberation-theology +7

#520

Theological Orations (Orations 27-31) (Mid)

St. Gregory of Nazianzus (the Theologian) · 380

Theological orations · Cappadocian patristic theology

Gregory of Nazianzus's 380 five Theological Orations — foundational Trinitarian theology

30% eastern-orthodox-christianity 15% catholic-thomistic 10% platonism-classical 10% neo-platonism 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% lutheranism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% liberal-theology 5% rationalism 5% idealism +7

#521

Ambigua to John (Ambigua ad Iohannem) (Late)

St. Maximus the Confessor · c. 628-30

Theological treatise · Late Byzantine patristic theology

Maximus the Confessor's c. 628-30 foundational synthesis — the major patristic theological synthesis

30% eastern-orthodox-christianity 20% neo-platonism 5% catholic-thomistic 10% platonism-classical 10% process-theology 5% liberal-theology 5% panpsychism 5% idealism 5% realism 5% hermeticism +7

#522

Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith (De Fide Orthodoxa) (Late)

St. John of Damascus · c. 743

Systematic theology · Late patristic / early Byzantine theology

John of Damascus's c. 743 systematic compendium — the major late patristic systematic

35% eastern-orthodox-christianity 15% catholic-thomistic 10% platonism-classical 10% neo-platonism 5% hylomorphism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% lutheranism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% liberal-theology 5% islamic-philosophy-falsafa +7

#523

Hymns of Divine Love (Hymnoi tōn Theiōn Erōtōn) (Late)

St. Symeon the New Theologian · c. 1020

Mystical hymns · Byzantine hesychast-mystical theology

Symeon's c. 1020 mystical hymns — foundational Byzantine mystical-experiential theology

30% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% neo-platonism 10% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% platonism-classical 5% catholic-thomistic 5% christian-existentialism 5% phenomenology 5% liberation-theology 5% process-theology 5% panpsychism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 10% liberal-theology +9

#524

Triads (Triads in Defense of the Holy Hesychasts) (Late)

St. Gregory Palamas · 1338-41

Theological treatise · Late Byzantine hesychast theology

Palamas's 1338-41 Triads — foundational distinction between divine essence and uncreated energies

40% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% neo-platonism 5% platonism-classical 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% catholic-thomistic 5% christian-existentialism 5% phenomenology 5% process-theology 5% panpsychism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 10% liberal-theology +8

#525

The Pillar and Ground of the Truth (Mid)

Pavel Florensky · 1914

Religious-philosophical letters · Russian Orthodox religious philosophy (Silver Age)

Florensky's 1914 foundational Russian Orthodox religious philosophy — twelve letters on Trinity, sophia, and antinomy

30% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% neo-platonism 5% platonism-classical 10% idealism 10% pythagoreanism 5% hermeticism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% phenomenology 5% christian-existentialism 5% absurdism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% process-theology +9

#526

The Bride of the Lamb (Late)

Sergei Bulgakov · composed 1939-42; published 1945 posthumously

Systematic-sophiological theology · Russian Orthodox religious philosophy (Silver Age) / Russian Paris school

Bulgakov's 1939-42 third volume of his great Trilogy — sophiological ecclesiology and eschatology

35% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% neo-platonism 15% idealism 5% liberation-theology 10% process-theology 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% hermeticism 10% liberal-theology 5% panpsychism +6

#527

Sic et Non (Yes and No) (Early)

Peter Abelard · c. 1121

Scholastic compilation · Early scholasticism

Abelard's c. 1121 Sic et Non — collection of patristic contradictions catalyzing the scholastic method

25% catholic-thomistic 10% analytic-metaphysics 15% rationalism 10% realism 10% platonism-classical 10% liberal-theology 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% logicism 5% hylomorphism 5% pyrrhonism +7

#528

Didascalicon (On the Study of Reading) (Early)

Hugh of St Victor · c. 1127

Educational-pedagogical treatise · Victorine mystical-scholastic theology

Hugh of St Victor's c. 1127 foundational treatise on the seven liberal arts and theological reading

20% catholic-thomistic 15% neo-platonism 10% platonism-classical 10% rationalism 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% hylomorphism 10% liberal-theology 5% realism 5% hermeticism 5% pragmatism 5% pythagoreanism 5% evangelical-protestantism +9

#529

The Dark Night (La Noche Oscura) (Late)

St. John of the Cross (Juan de Yepes Álvarez) · c. 1582-85

Mystical theology · Spanish Carmelite mysticism

John of the Cross's c. 1582-85 foundational Spanish mystical text — the "dark night of the soul"

25% catholic-thomistic 10% neo-platonism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 10% phenomenology 5% platonism-classical 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% christian-existentialism 5% evangelical-protestantism 10% liberal-theology 5% nihilism 5% absurdism 5% romanticism +9

#530

The Interior Castle (Castillo Interior) (Late)

St. Teresa of Ávila (Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada) · 1577

Mystical theology · Spanish Carmelite mysticism

Teresa of Ávila's 1577 Interior Castle — seven mansions of the soul's mystical ascent

25% catholic-thomistic 10% neo-platonism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 15% phenomenology 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% christian-existentialism 5% evangelical-protestantism 10% liberal-theology 5% liberation-theology 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% platonism-classical +8

#531

Ars Magna (Ars Generalis Ultima) (Late)

Ramon Llull (Raimundus Lullus) · 1305-08 (final form; developed from 1271)

Combinatorial philosophical-apologetic system · Catalan medieval philosophy / Christian apologetics

Ramon Llull's 1305-08 Ars Magna — combinatorial Christian apologetic system, precursor to symbolic logic

20% catholic-thomistic 15% neo-platonism 10% pythagoreanism 15% hermeticism 5% platonism-classical 10% logicism 10% rationalism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud +7

#532

The Mirror of Simple Souls (Le Mirouer des Simples Âmes) (Late)

Marguerite Porete · c. 1295

Mystical dialogue · Beguine mysticism / Free Spirit

Marguerite Porete's c. 1295 mystical work — for which she was burned for heresy in 1310

10% catholic-thomistic 15% neo-platonism 15% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 15% liberation-theology 10% phenomenology 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% christian-existentialism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 10% liberal-theology 5% platonism-classical 5% romanticism +8

#533

Oration on the Dignity of Man (Oratio de hominis dignitate) (Mid)

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola · 1486

Renaissance philosophical oration · Italian Renaissance humanism

Pico's 1486 Oration on the Dignity of Man — foundational Renaissance humanist text

15% platonism-classical 15% neo-platonism 15% hermeticism 15% kabbalah-lurianic 10% catholic-thomistic 5% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% rationalism 5% pythagoreanism 5% liberal-theology 5% idealism +8

#534

The Prince (Il Principe) (Late)

Niccolò Machiavelli · 1513 (first printed 1532)

Political treatise · Italian Renaissance political realism

Machiavelli's 1513 foundational text of modern political realism — the verità effettuale della cosa

30% realism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% platonism-classical 10% naturalism 10% empiricism 5% nihilism 5% pyrrhonism 5% rationalism 5% hylomorphism 5% pragmatism +7

#535

Discourses on Livy (Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio) (Late)

Niccolò Machiavelli · 1517 (published 1531)

Republican political philosophy · Italian Renaissance republican political theory

Machiavelli's 1517 major republican political philosophy — the foundational text of modern republicanism

25% realism 15% platonism-classical 15% pragmatic-realism 10% liberal-theology 10% naturalism 5% empiricism 5% rationalism 5% pragmatism 5% pyrrhonism 5% hylomorphism +7

#536

On the Infinite Universe and Worlds (De l'Infinito Universo e Mondi) (Late)

Giordano Bruno · 1584

Cosmological dialogue · Italian Renaissance Neoplatonist hermeticism

Bruno's 1584 foundational pluralist cosmology — burned at the stake in Rome in 1600

25% spinozist-pantheism 25% hermeticism 15% neo-platonism 10% multiverse-theory 5% panpsychism 5% naturalism 5% platonism-classical 5% pythagoreanism 5% idealism +6

#537

Two New Sciences (Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche, intorno à Due Nuove Scienze) (Late)

Galileo Galilei · 1638

Mathematical-physical dialogue · Italian Renaissance natural philosophy / new science

Galileo's 1638 foundational text of mathematical physics — the strength of materials and kinematics

20% naturalism 15% empiricism 15% realism 10% pythagoreanism 10% rationalism 10% platonism-classical 10% pragmatic-realism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% hylomorphism +6

#538

The Sceptical Chymist (Mid)

Robert Boyle · 1661

Chemical-philosophical dialogue · English Royal Society experimental philosophy

Boyle's 1661 foundational chemistry text — questioning the four elements and three principles

25% empiricism 20% naturalism 15% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% pyrrhonism 5% rationalism 5% hermeticism +6

#539

Historical and Critical Dictionary (Dictionnaire Historique et Critique) (Late)

Pierre Bayle · 1697 (2nd expanded edn 1702)

Encyclopedic dictionary · French Huguenot Enlightenment scepticism

Bayle's 1697 foundational sceptical-critical reference work — major proto-Enlightenment text

25% pyrrhonism 15% liberal-theology 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 15% rationalism 10% empiricism 5% realism 5% naturalism 5% critical-realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% relativism +7

#540

New Science (Late)

Giambattista Vico · 1725 (1st edn); 1730 (2nd); 1744 (3rd, definitive)

Philosophy of history · Neapolitan Italian Enlightenment

Vico's 1725 foundational philosophy of history — verum-factum, the cycle of corsi e ricorsi

10% liberal-theology 15% idealism 10% catholic-thomistic 10% platonism-classical 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% rationalism 10% romanticism 5% phenomenology 5% constructivism 5% dialectical-materialism 5% critical-realism +9