Works

#781

The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (Mid)

Jacob Burckhardt · 1860

Cultural-historical treatise · Nineteenth-century Swiss-German cultural history

Burckhardt's 1860 founding work of cultural history — the Italian Renaissance and the modern individual

25% historicism 25% humanism 10% liberalism 10% idealism 10% realism 5% critical-theory 10% romanticism 5% aestheticism +5

#782

The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (Late)

Fernand Braudel · 1949 (1st edn); 1966 (2nd edn revised)

Annales-school historical-geographical treatise · Twentieth-century French Annales school

Braudel's 1949 monumental Annales-school history — three layers of historical time

30% historicism 20% structuralism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 15% naturalism 10% logical-positivism 5% humanism +4

#783

Prison Notebooks (Late)

Antonio Gramsci · 1929-35 (composed in fascist prison); 1948-51 (posthumous Italian publication)

Fragmentary philosophical-political notebooks · Western Marxism / Italian critical theory

Gramsci's 1929-35 prison masterwork — hegemony, civil society, organic intellectuals, the historical bloc

35% dialectical-materialism 20% critical-theory 15% historicism 5% idealism 5% pragmatism 5% realism 5% humanism 10% pragmatic-realism +5

#784

History and Class Consciousness (Mid)

György Lukács · 1923

Marxist philosophical-political essays · Western Marxism / Hegelian Marxism

Lukács's 1923 founding work of Western Marxism — reification and the standpoint of the proletariat

35% dialectical-materialism 20% critical-theory 15% idealism 10% historicism 5% phenomenology 5% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% rationalism +5

#785

The State and Revolution (Late)

Vladimir Lenin · 1917 (composed in Finland, on the eve of the October Revolution)

Marxist political pamphlet · Marxism-Leninism / revolutionary political theory

Lenin's 1917 pamphlet on the Marxist theory of the state and the dictatorship of the proletariat

45% dialectical-materialism 10% critical-theory 10% historicism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% rationalism 5% humanism 5% idealism +5

#786

Parallel Lives (Late)

Plutarch (Mestrius Plutarchus) · c. 96-119 CE

Moral biography · Hellenistic / Roman-imperial Middle Platonist biography

Plutarch's c. 100 CE moral biographies — Greeks and Romans paired for ethical comparison

25% platonism-classical 15% stoicism 15% classical-greek 10% classical-roman 15% humanism 5% historicism 10% aristotelianism 5% pyrrhonism 5% middle-platonism +6

#787

Course in General Linguistics (Late)

Ferdinand de Saussure · 1906-11 (lectures at Geneva); 1916 (posthumous from students' notes)

Lectures on linguistics (posthumous) · Twentieth-century linguistics / structuralism

Saussure's 1916 posthumous lectures founding modern linguistics and structuralism

40% structuralism 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% rationalism 5% phenomenology 5% logical-positivism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% cognitivism +5

#788

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (Late)

John Maynard Keynes · 1936

Economic treatise · Twentieth-century macroeconomics / Keynesianism

Keynes's 1936 founding treatise of modern macroeconomics — aggregate demand and the role of the state

20% liberalism 20% pragmatic-realism 15% empiricism 10% rationalism 10% critical-theory 10% realism 5% pragmatism 5% humanism 5% utilitarianism +6

#789

The Road to Serfdom (Mid)

Friedrich Hayek · 1944

Political-economic treatise · Twentieth-century Austrian economics / classical liberalism

Hayek's 1944 classical-liberal warning — central planning leads to serfdom

35% liberalism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% empiricism 5% rationalism 10% realism 5% critical-theory 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% humanism 10% evolutionism +6

#790

Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Late)

Joseph Schumpeter · 1942

Political-economic treatise · Twentieth-century Austrian economics / sociology of economic life

Schumpeter's 1942 classic — creative destruction and the prediction of capitalism's demise

15% liberalism 15% realism 20% historicism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% critical-theory 10% evolutionism 5% empiricism 5% rationalism 5% pragmatism +6

#791

The Interpretation of Cultures (Late)

Clifford Geertz · 1973

Anthropological essays · Late-twentieth-century interpretive anthropology

Geertz's 1973 founding work of interpretive anthropology — thick description and cultural webs of meaning

25% hermeneutics 15% phenomenology 10% structuralism 10% pragmatism 10% realism 10% humanism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% critical-theory 5% analytic-metaphysics +6

#792

The Logic of Practice (Late)

Pierre Bourdieu · 1980 (French); 1990 (English)

Sociological treatise · Late-twentieth-century French sociology / theory of practice

Bourdieu's 1980 synthesis of his theory of practice — habitus, field, and capital

20% structuralism 15% phenomenology 15% critical-theory 10% hermeneutics 10% pragmatism 10% dialectical-materialism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism +5

#793

The Construction of Reality in the Child (Mid)

Jean Piaget · 1937 (French); 1954 (English)

Developmental-psychological treatise · Twentieth-century genetic epistemology / developmental psychology

Piaget's 1937 founding work on the child's construction of object, space, time, causality

35% constructivism 20% cognitivism 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 10% empiricism 10% rationalism 5% phenomenology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism +5

#794

Thought and Language (Mid)

Lev Vygotsky · 1934 (posthumous, Vygotsky died June 1934)

Psychological treatise · Twentieth-century Soviet psychology / cultural-historical school

Vygotsky's 1934 posthumous founding work of socio-cultural psychology — language as mediating tool

20% cognitivism 15% dialectical-materialism 10% pragmatism 15% constructivism 10% hermeneutics 5% naturalism 5% phenomenology 5% realism 5% structuralism 10% humanism +7

#795

The Mind of Primitive Man (Late)

Franz Boas · 1911 (1st ed.); 1938 (rev. 2nd ed.)

Anthropological lectures · Early-twentieth-century American cultural anthropology

Boas's 1911 founding work of American cultural anthropology — critique of scientific racism

20% historicism 20% empiricism 20% humanism 10% pragmatism 10% naturalism 5% liberalism 10% critical-theory 5% realism +5

#796

Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (Mid)

Noam Chomsky · 1965

Linguistic treatise · Late-twentieth-century generative grammar / Cartesian linguistics

Chomsky's 1965 articulation of the Standard Theory of generative grammar — competence vs performance

20% analytic-metaphysics 25% rationalism 25% cognitivism 5% structuralism 10% naturalism 5% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% platonism-classical +5

#797

Childhood and Society (Mid)

Erik Erikson · 1950 (1st ed.); 1963 (rev. 2nd ed.)

Psychoanalytic-anthropological treatise · Mid-twentieth-century ego psychology / psychoanalytic developmental theory

Erikson's 1950 founding work of the eight-stage psychosocial theory — identity vs role confusion

30% psychoanalysis 5% cognitivism 20% humanism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% phenomenology 5% historicism 10% naturalism 5% constructivism +5

#798

Motivation and Personality (Mid)

Abraham Maslow · 1954 (1st ed.); 1970 (rev. 2nd ed.)

Psychological treatise · Mid-twentieth-century humanistic psychology

Maslow's 1954 founding work of humanistic psychology — hierarchy of needs and self-actualization

35% humanism 15% phenomenology 5% psychoanalysis 10% pragmatism 5% existentialism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% empiricism 5% naturalism 5% mysticism +6

#799

Attachment and Loss (Late)

John Bowlby · 1969 (vol. I); 1973 (vol. II); 1980 (vol. III)

Psychological-ethological treatise · Late-twentieth-century object-relations psychology / attachment theory

Bowlby's 1969-80 trilogy founding the modern theory of attachment — secure base and internal working models

25% psychoanalysis 20% naturalism 15% empiricism 10% cognitivism 10% humanism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% systems-theory +4

#800

Envy and Gratitude (Late)

Melanie Klein · 1957

Psychoanalytic monograph · Mid-twentieth-century British object-relations psychoanalysis

Klein's 1957 mature statement of object-relations psychoanalysis — envy, gratitude, and the depressive position

50% psychoanalysis 10% phenomenology 10% naturalism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% humanism 5% critical-theory 5% realism 5% empiricism +5

#801

Foundations of Geometry (Mid)

David Hilbert · 1899 (1st ed.); 1903-1971 (multiple subsequent eds)

Mathematical treatise · Turn-of-the-century mathematical formalism

Hilbert's 1899 formal axiomatization of Euclidean geometry — the foundation of modern formalism

30% rationalism 10% platonism-classical 30% formalism 15% analytic-metaphysics 5% logical-positivism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% realism +4

#802

The Home and the World (Late)

Rabindranath Tagore · 1915-16 (Bengali); 1919 (English by Surendranath Tagore)

Modern Bengali novel · Early-twentieth-century Bengali literature

Tagore's 1916 Bengali political novel — Swadeshi nationalism and the costs of revolution

25% humanism 15% realism 15% critical-theory 10% liberalism 10% hinduism 5% modernism 10% feminism 5% romanticism 5% phenomenology +6

#803

The Dispossessed (Late)

Ursula K. Le Guin · 1974

Science-fiction novel · Late-twentieth-century anglophone speculative fiction

Le Guin's 1974 anarchist-utopian science-fiction novel — an ambiguous utopia

35% anarchism 15% humanism 15% critical-theory 15% utopianism 5% taoism 5% modernism 5% phenomenology 5% feminism +5

#804

Mother Courage and Her Children (Late)

Bertolt Brecht · 1939 (composed in Swedish exile); 1941 (Zurich premiere)

Epic-Theatre play · Mid-twentieth-century German Marxist theatre / Epic Theatre

Brecht's 1939 Epic Theatre play of the Thirty Years' War — Mother Courage and the costs of war

25% dialectical-materialism 20% critical-theory 15% realism 15% modernism 10% historicism 5% humanism 5% tragedy 5% pragmatic-realism +5

#805

The German Ideology (Early)

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels · 1845-46 (composed in Brussels; published 1932 by Soviet Union)

Philosophical-polemical manuscript · Mid-nineteenth-century historical materialism

Marx-Engels's 1845-46 founding work of historical materialism — base, superstructure, ideology

40% dialectical-materialism 20% historicism 15% critical-theory 10% naturalism 5% realism 5% idealism 5% pragmatic-realism +4

#806

The Poetics of Space (Late)

Gaston Bachelard · 1958 (French); 1964 (English)

Phenomenological essay · Mid-twentieth-century French phenomenology / poetics

Bachelard's 1958 phenomenology of intimate space — house, attic, cellar, miniature, immensity

35% phenomenology 15% romanticism 10% aestheticism 10% hermeneutics 10% humanism 10% psychoanalysis 5% idealism 5% mysticism +5

#807

Poems (Late)

Gerard Manley Hopkins · 1875-89 (composed); 1918 (posthumous publication ed. Robert Bridges)

Modernist poetry · Late-Victorian / proto-modernist English Catholic poetry

Hopkins's 1918 posthumous founding work of modernist poetry — sprung rhythm and inscape

25% christianity 25% modernism 10% romanticism 15% phenomenology 10% mysticism 5% scholasticism 5% naturalism 5% aestheticism +5

#808

Sprachgitter (Mid)

Paul Celan · 1959

Modernist poetry collection · Post-WWII European modernist poetry

Celan's 1959 collection — Sprachgitter (language-grille) and the post-Shoah condition of German poetry

25% modernism 20% rabbinic-judaism 15% phenomenology 10% existentialism 10% mysticism 10% kabbalah-lurianic 5% critical-theory 5% hermeneutics +5

#809

Requiem (Late)

Anna Akhmatova · 1935-61 (composed and memorized); 1963 (first published abroad); 1987 (in USSR)

Modern Russian poetic cycle · Twentieth-century Russian-Soviet poetry / Acmeism

Akhmatova's 1935-61 cycle on Soviet terror — Requiem — the prison line and the witness

25% modernism 10% realism 15% critical-theory 20% christianity 10% phenomenology 15% humanism 5% existentialism +4

#810

On Photography (Late)

Susan Sontag · 1973-77 (essays in New York Review of Books); 1977 (book)

Essays in cultural criticism · Late-twentieth-century American cultural criticism

Sontag's 1977 essays founding modern theory and criticism of photography

25% critical-theory 15% phenomenology 15% modernism 10% aestheticism 10% humanism 5% hermeneutics 5% pragmatic-realism 5% pragmatism 5% realism 5% feminism +7

#811

Ways of Seeing (Late)

John Berger · 1972 (BBC series and book)

Essays in popular art criticism · Late-twentieth-century British Marxist cultural criticism

Berger's 1972 BBC series and book transforming popular art criticism — the gaze and oil painting

25% critical-theory 20% dialectical-materialism 15% feminism 10% humanism 10% phenomenology 5% modernism 5% pragmatism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% realism +6

#812

Camera Lucida (Late)

Roland Barthes · 1979-80 (Barthes died Mar 1980)

Phenomenological-autobiographical essay · Late-twentieth-century French phenomenology / semiotics

Barthes's 1980 phenomenology of photography — punctum, studium, and the mother's photograph

30% phenomenology 10% structuralism 10% critical-theory 10% hermeneutics 10% humanism 10% existentialism 5% aestheticism 5% modernism 5% mysticism 5% pragmatic-realism +7

#813

Studies in Iconology (Late)

Erwin Panofsky · 1939

Art-historical essays · Twentieth-century Warburg-school iconology

Panofsky's 1939 founding work of modern iconology — three levels of art interpretation

25% historicism 20% hermeneutics 15% idealism 15% humanism 5% structuralism 10% platonism-classical 5% pragmatic-realism 5% aestheticism +5

#814

The Story of Art (Mid)

Ernst Gombrich · 1950 (1st ed.); 1995 (16th ed.)

Popular art history · Twentieth-century Warburg-school art history

Gombrich's 1950 popular history of art — from the caves to the twentieth century

25% historicism 20% humanism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% liberalism 5% rationalism 5% empiricism 5% hermeneutics 5% aestheticism +6

#815

Collected Poems (Late)

W. H. Auden · 1927-73 (composed); 1976 (collected)

Modern poetry collection · Mid-twentieth-century anglophone modernist poetry

Auden's 1976 collected poems — major mid-twentieth-century anglophone poetry

25% modernism 15% christianity 15% humanism 10% critical-theory 10% liberalism 10% existentialism 5% realism 5% phenomenology 5% mysticism +6

#816

North (Mid)

Seamus Heaney · 1975

Modern Irish poetry collection · Late-twentieth-century anglophone Irish poetry

Heaney's 1975 collection on Northern Irish violence, bog bodies, and the poetics of place

20% modernism 10% realism 15% historicism 15% phenomenology 10% christianity 10% humanism 5% critical-theory 5% naturalism 5% romanticism 5% tragedy +7

#817

Pride and Prejudice (Mid)

Jane Austen · 1796-97 (drafted as First Impressions); 1813 (published)

Regency comic-romantic novel · Late-Enlightenment / Regency English fiction

Austen's 1813 comic-romantic novel — the Bennet family, Mr Darcy, and the moral education of Elizabeth

25% realism 20% humanism 10% aristotelianism 10% rationalism 10% christianity 10% liberalism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% feminism 5% phenomenology +6

#818

Bleak House (Mid)

Charles Dickens · 1852-53 (serialized); 1853 (book)

Victorian social novel · Mid-Victorian English realism

Dickens's 1853 Victorian critique of Chancery and the social condition of England

30% realism 15% humanism 15% critical-theory 10% christianity 10% liberalism 5% historicism 5% romanticism 5% modernism 5% pragmatic-realism +6

#819

Wuthering Heights (Mid)

Emily Brontë · 1846-47 (composed); 1847 (published under pseudonym Ellis Bell)

Romantic-gothic novel · Mid-Victorian English Romantic-gothic fiction

Emily Brontë's 1847 only novel — passion, revenge, and the Yorkshire moors

30% romanticism 15% realism 15% tragedy 10% humanism 10% mysticism 5% christianity 5% feminism 5% modernism 5% naturalism +6

#820

Moby-Dick (Mid)

Herman Melville · 1850-51

American Romantic-realist novel · Nineteenth-century American Renaissance

Melville's 1851 American epic — Captain Ahab, the white whale, and metaphysical pursuit

20% romanticism 10% realism 15% tragedy 15% christianity 10% mysticism 10% humanism 10% modernism 5% naturalism 5% pyrrhonism +6

#821

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Mid)

Mark Twain · 1876-83 (composed); 1884 (UK); 1885 (US)

American picaresque novel · Nineteenth-century American realism

Twain's 1884 American picaresque on the Mississippi — slavery, friendship, moral conscience

25% realism 20% humanism 15% critical-theory 10% liberalism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% pragmatism 5% romanticism 5% christianity 5% naturalism +6

#822

The Great Gatsby (Mid)

F. Scott Fitzgerald · 1924-25

Modernist American novel · Early-twentieth-century American modernism

Fitzgerald's 1925 Jazz-Age novel — Jay Gatsby and the American Dream

25% modernism 15% realism 15% tragedy 15% critical-theory 10% humanism 10% romanticism 5% aestheticism 5% phenomenology +5

#823

The Lord of the Rings (Late)

J. R. R. Tolkien · 1937-49 (composed); 1954-55 (published)

Epic fantasy novel · Mid-twentieth-century anglophone fantasy

Tolkien's 1954-55 epic fantasy — the One Ring and the journey to Mount Doom — founding modern fantasy

15% romanticism 25% christianity 10% humanism 10% historicism 5% naturalism 10% tragedy 10% mysticism 5% critical-theory 5% aestheticism 5% phenomenology +7

#824

Foundation (Mid)

Isaac Asimov · 1942-50 (stories); 1951 (collected as Foundation)

Science-fiction novel-cycle · Mid-twentieth-century American science fiction

Asimov's 1951 founding science-fiction novel — psychohistory and the collapse of galactic empire

25% rationalism 15% naturalism 20% historicism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% modernism 10% liberalism 10% humanism 5% logical-positivism +5

#825

The Handmaid's Tale (Late)

Margaret Atwood · 1985

Speculative-dystopian novel · Late-twentieth-century anglophone speculative fiction

Atwood's 1985 dystopian novel — the Republic of Gilead and reproductive coercion

30% feminism 20% critical-theory 10% modernism 10% realism 10% humanism 10% liberalism 5% historicism 5% utopianism +5

#826

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (Mid)

James Joyce · 1903-15 (composed); 1914-15 (serialized in The Egoist); 1916 (book)

Modernist Künstlerroman / Bildungsroman · Early-twentieth-century anglophone modernism

Joyce's 1916 modernist Künstlerroman — Stephen Dedalus's emergence as artist

30% modernism 15% phenomenology 15% christianity 15% aestheticism 5% realism 5% scholasticism 5% critical-theory 5% existentialism 5% humanism +6

#827

Invisible Man (Mid)

Ralph Ellison · 1945-52

African American modernist novel · Mid-twentieth-century African American literature

Ellison's 1952 founding work of African American postwar modernism — "I am an invisible man"

25% modernism 15% realism 20% critical-theory 15% existentialism 10% humanism 5% pragmatism 5% phenomenology 5% liberalism +5

#828

Their Eyes Were Watching God (Mid)

Zora Neale Hurston · 1937

African American novel · Harlem Renaissance / African American literature

Hurston's 1937 founding work of African American women's literature — Janie Crawford's search

20% realism 15% modernism 25% feminism 10% humanism 10% phenomenology 5% christianity 5% naturalism 5% critical-theory 5% pragmatism +6

#829

The Fire Next Time (Mid)

James Baldwin · 1962-63

Essays in cultural-political criticism · Mid-twentieth-century African American essay

Baldwin's 1963 two-essay book on race, religion, and the American crisis

25% critical-theory 20% christianity 15% humanism 10% existentialism 5% liberalism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% phenomenology 5% modernism 5% islam +6

#830

Midnight's Children (Mid)

Salman Rushdie · 1979-81

Postcolonial magical-realist novel · Late-twentieth-century anglophone postcolonial fiction

Rushdie's 1981 magical-realist novel — Saleem Sinai born at the moment of India's independence (Aug 15 1947)

15% modernism 5% realism 20% historicism 15% critical-theory 10% hinduism 10% islam 10% humanism 5% phenomenology 5% mysticism 5% liberalism +7

#831

The Cairo Trilogy (Mid)

Naguib Mahfouz · 1956-57 (Bayn al-Qasrayn, Qasr al-Shawq, al-Sukkariyya)

Realist family-saga novel trilogy · Twentieth-century Egyptian / Arabic literature

Mahfouz's 1956-57 trilogy — three generations of a Cairo family across colonial Egypt

30% realism 10% modernism 15% humanism 15% historicism 15% islam 5% critical-theory 5% liberalism 5% phenomenology +5

#832

My Name Is Red (Mid)

Orhan Pamuk · 1998 (Turkish Benim Adım Kırmızı); 2001 (English)

Historical novel · Late-twentieth-century Turkish literature

Pamuk's 1998 historical novel — late-Ottoman miniaturists, European painting, and a murder mystery

15% modernism 25% historicism 10% realism 15% islam 10% aestheticism 10% humanism 5% critical-theory 5% phenomenology 5% pragmatic-realism +6

#833

My Brilliant Friend (Late)

Elena Ferrante · 2011 (Italian L'amica geniale); 2012 (English)

Modern Italian novel-cycle · Twenty-first-century Italian literature

Ferrante's 2011 first Neapolitan novel — childhood friendship in postwar Naples

25% realism 20% feminism 10% modernism 15% humanism 10% critical-theory 10% phenomenology 5% historicism 5% existentialism +5

#834

Gravity's Rainbow (Mid)

Thomas Pynchon · 1968-72

Postmodernist American novel · Late-twentieth-century American postmodernism

Pynchon's 1973 postmodernist novel of the V-2 rocket and the end of World War II

15% modernism 20% critical-theory 15% historicism 5% realism 5% naturalism 10% mysticism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% aestheticism 5% humanism 5% cognitivism 10% tragedy +8

#835

Blood Meridian (Late)

Cormac McCarthy · 1985

American historical-mythopoetic novel · Late-twentieth-century American Southern-Western literature

McCarthy's 1985 borderlands novel of nineteenth-century scalp-hunters and metaphysical violence

15% modernism 10% realism 15% tragedy 15% christianity 10% mysticism 10% naturalism 10% critical-theory 5% pyrrhonism 5% historicism +6

#836

The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (Late)

Haruki Murakami · 1994-95 (Japanese 3 vols.); 1997 (English single volume)

Postmodern Japanese novel · Late-twentieth-century Japanese literature

Murakami's 1994-95 postmodern Japanese novel — Toru Okada, the missing cat, and the Manchurian past

20% modernism 15% phenomenology 10% realism 10% mysticism 15% critical-theory 10% humanism 10% historicism 5% existentialism 5% buddhism +6

#837

Ariel (Late)

Sylvia Plath · 1962-63 (composed); 1965 (posthumous publication ed. Ted Hughes)

Confessional poetry collection · Mid-twentieth-century anglophone confessional poetry

Plath's 1965 posthumous collection of late poems — confessional intensity and lyric mastery

20% modernism 20% feminism 15% phenomenology 10% psychoanalysis 10% existentialism 5% humanism 10% aestheticism 5% tragedy 5% critical-theory +6

#838

Canto General (Mid)

Pablo Neruda · 1938-49 (composed in exile and underground); 1950 (Mexico City and Santiago)

Epic poem in 15 cantos · Mid-twentieth-century Latin American poetry

Neruda's 1950 epic poem of the Americas — geography, history, politics, and resistance

20% modernism 20% dialectical-materialism 15% critical-theory 10% romanticism 10% humanism 10% historicism 5% naturalism 5% liberalism 5% aestheticism +6

#839

Hopscotch (Mid)

Julio Cortázar · 1963 (Spanish Rayuela); 1966 (English)

Postmodern experimental novel · Mid-twentieth-century Latin American Boom literature

Cortázar's 1963 experimental novel — read straight or "jump" by the author's table of instructions

25% modernism 15% existentialism 10% structuralism 10% phenomenology 10% humanism 10% critical-theory 10% aestheticism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% pyrrhonism +6

#840

2666 (Late)

Roberto Bolaño · 2001-03 (composed during fatal illness); 2004 (posthumous)

Postmodern five-part novel · Early-twenty-first-century Latin American postmodernism

Bolaño's 2004 posthumous five-part novel — Santa Teresa femicides and twentieth-century evil

20% modernism 20% critical-theory 15% realism 15% historicism 5% phenomenology 10% humanism 5% feminism 5% tragedy 5% pyrrhonism +6