All Ancient Medieval Early modern Modern Contemporary

Filter

filter syntax

Plain text matches title, author, tagline, summary, tradition.

school:slug — has this school in influences (e.g. school:lutheranism)

attr:key=value — has this attribute value (e.g. attr:methodology=Empirical)

tradition:name — match by tradition string

form:name — match by literary/textual form

Combine freely with AND. Quote spaces: tradition:"German idealism".

Israelite prophetic / Deuteronomistic 1

#1873 · c. 9th–7th century BCE (events c. 870–850 BCE; written form c. 7th century)

Elijah Cycle (1 Kings 17 – 2 Kings 2)

Anonymous (Deuteronomistic historians)

The LORD, he is God — Elijah's fiery defence of monotheism and the quiet encounter on Horeb

Israelite prophetic / poetic tradition 1

#1884 · c. 12th–11th century BCE

Song of Deborah (Judges 5)

Deborah (attributed); anonymous (composite tradition)

Awake, awake, Deborah! — one of the oldest Hebrew poems, celebrating female leadership, divine intervention, and the human cost of war

Israelite prophetic and priestly tradition 1

#1812 · c. 593–571 BCE (oracles); compiled and edited in the exilic and early post-exilic period

Book of Ezekiel

Ezekiel ben Buzi

The glory departs and the glory returns — exile, resurrection, and the new temple in visionary geometry

Israelite prophetic literature 2

#1833 · c. 750–720 BCE

Book of Hosea

Hosea

I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice — the covenant as marriage, betrayal as adultery, restoration as remarriage

#1832 · c. 760–750 BCE

Book of Amos

Amos of Tekoa

Let justice roll down like waters — the first literary prophet condemns a prosperous nation for grinding the poor

Israelite prophetic tradition 2

#1811 · c. 627–580 BCE (oracles); redacted and expanded through the 6th–5th centuries BCE

Book of Jeremiah

Jeremiah ben Hilkiah (with Baruch ben Neriah as scribe)

The suffering prophet who promised a new covenant written on the heart — from the ruins of Jerusalem

#1810 · c. 740–700 BCE (oracles); redacted and compiled later

Book of Isaiah (chapters 1-39)

Isaiah ben Amoz

Holy, holy, holy — the prophet who saw God high and lifted up and demanded justice for the oppressed

Israelite wisdom tradition 1

#1809 · c. 3rd century BCE (traditionally attributed to 10th century BCE)

Ecclesiastes (Qohelet)

Solomon (traditional attribution); anonymous sage (scholarly consensus: c. 3rd century BCE)

Vanity of vanities — all is vanity; the most searching meditation on meaninglessness in the Hebrew Bible

Italian post-Heideggerian biopolitical philosophy 1

#576 · 1995

Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Late)

Giorgio Agamben

Agamben's 1995 foundational text on biopolitics and sovereign exception — bare life and homo sacer

Italian postmodernism / Latin American magical realism affinity 1

#655 · 1972

Invisible Cities (Le città invisibili) (Mid)

Italo Calvino

Calvino's 1972 Invisible Cities — Marco Polo describes 55 imaginary cities to Kublai Khan

Italian Renaissance humanism 1

#533 · 1486

Oration on the Dignity of Man (Oratio de hominis dignitate) (Mid)

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Pico's 1486 Oration on the Dignity of Man — foundational Renaissance humanist text

Italian Renaissance natural philosophy / new science 1

#537 · 1638

Two New Sciences (Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche, intorno à Due Nuove Scienze) (Late)

Galileo Galilei

Galileo's 1638 foundational text of mathematical physics — the strength of materials and kinematics

Italian Renaissance Neoplatonist hermeticism 1

#536 · 1584

On the Infinite Universe and Worlds (De l'Infinito Universo e Mondi) (Late)

Giordano Bruno

Bruno's 1584 foundational pluralist cosmology — burned at the stake in Rome in 1600

Italian Renaissance political realism 1

#534 · 1513 (first printed 1532)

The Prince (Il Principe) (Late)

Niccolò Machiavelli

Machiavelli's 1513 foundational text of modern political realism — the verità effettuale della cosa

Italian Renaissance republican political theory 1

#535 · 1517 (published 1531)

Discourses on Livy (Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio) (Late)

Niccolò Machiavelli

Machiavelli's 1517 major republican political philosophy — the foundational text of modern republicanism

Japanese Asuka-period statecraft; Buddhist-Confucian political synthesis 1

#1807 · 604 CE (traditional date)

Seventeen-Article Constitution

Prince Shotoku

Harmony is to be valued — seventeen articles that made Buddhism and Confucianism the moral foundations of the Japanese state

Japanese Buddhist scholarship / comparative philosophy 1

#288 · 1907 (Suzuki's first major book in English, written during his work with Paul Carus at the Open Court Press)

Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism (Early (Suzuki's first major book; preceding the Essays in Zen Buddhism by twenty years))

Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki

The major early systematic Western introduction to Mahayana Buddhism — Suzuki's 1907 first major English-language book

Japanese Kyoto School 1

#579 · 1946

Philosophy as Metanoetics (Zangedō to shite no tetsugaku) (Late)

Tanabe Hajime

Tanabe's 1946 foundational philosophy as repentance — Buddhist-Christian metanoetics after WWII

Japanese Kyoto School (2nd generation) 1

#632 · 1961

Religion and Nothingness (Shūkyō to wa nani ka) (Mid)

Nishitani Keiji

Nishitani's 1961 foundational Kyoto-School text — religion as "place of nothingness" (śūnyatā)

Japanese Kyoto School / Watsuji ethics 1

#578 · 1935

Climate and Culture (Fūdo: ningengakuteki kōsatsu) (Mid)

Watsuji Tetsurō

Watsuji's 1935 Fūdo — climate as the ground of cultural-philosophical difference

Japanese Kyoto School / Zen-Western philosophy 1

#577 · 1911

An Inquiry into the Good (Zen no Kenkyū) (Early)

Nishida Kitarō

Nishida's 1911 foundational Kyoto School text — "pure experience" as the foundation of philosophy

Japanese modern literature / Mishima's aesthetic-nationalist tradition 5

#1228 · 1963

The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea (Mature)

Yukio Mishima

Mishima's 1963 novel — proper-aesthetic-tragic clash of land and sea

#1230 · 1965-67 (serial), 1969 (book)

Spring Snow (Late)

Yukio Mishima

Mishima's 1969 first volume of The Sea of Fertility — Taishō-period love and Buddhist-reincarnation tetralogy

#1229 · 1968

Sun and Steel (Late)

Yukio Mishima

Mishima's 1968 essay — body, words, action; the aesthetic-political synthesis

#1265 · 1968-70 (serial), 1970 (book)

The Temple of Dawn (Late)

Yukio Mishima

Mishima's 1970 third volume of The Sea of Fertility — Honda in Thailand, Buddhist-philosophical encounter

#1231 · 1970 (completed Nov 25, 1970); 1971 (posthumous publication)

The Decay of the Angel (Late)

Yukio Mishima

Mishima's 1971 final volume of The Sea of Fertility — completed the day of his ritual suicide

Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism 1

#473 · 1765-66

Wild Ivy (Itsumadegusa) (Late)

Hakuin Ekaku

Hakuin's 18th-c. autobiographical spiritual masterwork — major Rinzai Zen text

Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism / comparative mysticism 1

#287 · 1927 (First Series), 1933 (Second), 1934 (Third) — published in English by Rider & Co. London

Essays in Zen Buddhism (Mid (Suzuki's major early period of Western dissemination))

Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki

Three series of essays — D. T. Suzuki's major early Western introduction to Zen Buddhism, the source for much twentieth-century Western reception

Japanese Shingon esoteric Buddhism 1

#474 · c. 817

Attaining Enlightenment in This Very Existence (Sokushin Jōbutsu Gi) (Early)

Kūkai (Kōbō Daishi)

Kūkai's 9th-c. foundational Shingon esoteric Buddhist text on attaining enlightenment in this very body

Japanese Sōtō Zen Buddhism 1

#472 · 1231-1253 (95 fascicles)

Shōbōgenzō (Late)

Dōgen Zenji

Dōgen's 13th-c. monumental Sōtō Zen masterwork — Shōbōgenzō ("Treasury of the True Dharma Eye")

Japanese Zen Buddhism 2

#1358 · 1938 (Zen Buddhism and Its Influence on Japanese Culture); 1959 (revised Zen and Japanese Culture)

Zen and Japanese Culture (Mid-Late)

Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki

Suzuki's 1959 study of Zen's influence on Japanese culture

#1356 · 1969 (posthumous)

The Field of Zen (Late)

Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki

Suzuki's 1969 posthumous essay collection on Zen

Japanese Zen Buddhism / cultural studies 1

#335 · 1959 (developed from his 1938 Zen Buddhism and Its Influence on Japanese Culture)

Zen and Japanese Culture (Late)

Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki

Zen and the arts — Suzuki's 1959 sustained study of Zen's influence on Japanese cultural traditions (swordsmanship, tea, haiku, painting)

Japanese Zen Buddhism / Modern Zen apologetics 1

#1118 · 1934 (Japanese-published English ed.); 1949 (Rider ed. with Jung foreword)

An Introduction to Zen Buddhism (Mid)

Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki

Suzuki's 1934 popular introduction — with the 1949 Carl Jung foreword that helped shape Western Buddhist reception

Jewish dialogical philosophy / Jewish-Christian comparative religion / philosophy of religion 1

#1632 · 1951

Two Types of Faith (Late)

Martin Buber

Buber's 1951 'Two Types of Faith' — Jewish emunah ('trust') versus Greek-Christian pistis ('belief that') as the two modes of religious faith

Jewish dialogical philosophy / philosophical anthropology / philosophy of education 1

#1631 · 1929-1938 essays; 1947 publication

Between Man and Man (Middle-to-late)

Martin Buber

Buber's 1947 'Between Man and Man' — major essays on dialogue, education, and 'what is man?'

Jewish mysticism / Kabbalah 1

#90 · c. 1280 (Castile, Spain); first published in print 1558

The Zohar

Traditionally Shimon bar Yochai (2nd c. AD); modern scholarship attributes to Moses de León c. 1280

The Torah read through the ten sefirot — God's ten emanations through which creation, history, and the soul's ascent are structured

Jewish Neoplatonism / Latin scholasticism 1

#1766 · c. 1045–1058 CE

Fons Vitae

Solomon ibn Gabirol

All beings from angels to stones are composed of matter and form — the universal hylomorphism that divided the schoolmen

Jewish philosophy / anti-Aristotelian apologetics 1

#1764 · c. 1130–1140 CE

The Kuzari

Judah Halevi

The God of Abraham over the God of Aristotle — historical testimony and lived experience as the foundation of faith

Jewish philosophy / kalam theology 1

#1763 · 933 CE

The Book of Beliefs and Opinions

Saadia Gaon

Reason and revelation as twin witnesses to the same truth — Judaism's first systematic theology

Jewish philosophy / Pragmatism 1

#1088 · 2008

Jewish Philosophy as a Guide to Life (Late)

Hilary Putnam

Putnam's 2008 engagement with modern Jewish philosophy — Rosenzweig, Buber, Levinas — and Wittgenstein as religious thinker

Jewish religious philosophy 2

#365 · 1949 (German); 1948 (Hebrew)

The Prophetic Faith (Late)

Martin Buber

Buber's 1949 study of the biblical Hebrew prophets — the major work on prophetic faith

#366 · 1952

Eclipse of God (Late)

Martin Buber

Buber's 1952 essays on the modern eclipse of God — engagement with Nietzsche, Sartre, Heidegger

Jewish religious philosophy / dialogical philosophy 1

#178 · 1923

I and Thou (Mid (the foundational statement of dialogical philosophy))

Martin Buber

The two basic word-pairs — I-Thou and I-It — and the eternal Thou that meets us through every finite Thou

Jewish-Hellenistic historiography (Thucydidean-Polybian model) 1

#1729 · c. 75–79 CE

The Jewish War

Flavius Josephus

The destruction of the Temple as eyewitness history, theodicy, and cultural catastrophe

Jewish-Hellenistic philosophy 2

#1692 · c. 20–40 CE

On the Creation of the World

Philo of Alexandria

Genesis meets the Timaeus — God creates the intelligible world first, then stamps its pattern on matter

#1693 · c. 20–40 CE

On the Life of Moses

Philo of Alexandria

Moses as the philosopher-king Plato never found — Torah as the constitution of the rational cosmos

Judaism (read also as the Old Testament in all branches of Christianity) 1

#31 · c. 1200 BC (oldest core) – c. 165 BC (Daniel); canon stabilised c. 100 AD

The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh)

Anonymous / composite (many authors, redactors, scribal communities over a millennium)

One God, creator of heaven and earth; a chosen people; a covenant with concrete moral demands; history as the arena of divine action

Jōdo Shinshū 2

#960 · 1248 (Shinran in his mid-seventies)

Jōdo Wasan (Late)

Shinran

Devotional poetry of the Pure Land — Amida's vow, the Pure Land, the lineage of masters who transmitted the Way

#1625 · c. 1290 (compiled by Yuien-bō about 30 years after Shinran's death)

Tannishō (Posthumous (the principal popular source for Shinran's teaching))

Shinran

Even the good person is saved; how much more the evil — Shinran's most-quoted teachings, preserved against corruption

Jōdo Shinshū (True Pure Land Buddhism) 1

#1624 · c. 1224; revised through c. 1247

Kyōgyōshinshō (Mature)

Shinran

Salvation by Other Power (tariki) — Amida's vow grants birth in the Pure Land to those who entrust themselves to it

Kashmir Shaivism (Trika) 1

#1780 · c. 1000 CE

Tantraloka

Abhinavagupta

All reality is the free creative pulsation of Shiva-consciousness — the Tantraloka maps every path from ignorance to recognition

Kokugaku (Japanese National Learning) / shintō hermeneutics / Japanese philology 1

#1649 · 1764-1798 composition; completed 1798 (44 volumes)

Kojiki-den (Late (career-spanning))

Motoori Norinaga

Norinaga's 1798 'Kojiki-den' — 44-volume magnum opus commentary on the Kojiki, completed after 34 years' work

Kokugaku (Japanese National Learning) / shintō-aesthetic philosophy 1

#1647 · 1763

Shibun Yōryō (Early)

Motoori Norinaga

Norinaga's 1763 'Shibun Yōryō' — Kokugaku-aesthetic reading of the Genji as the text of mono no aware

Kokugaku (Japanese National Learning) / shintō-restorationist philosophy 1

#1648 · 1771

Naobi no Mitama (Middle)

Motoori Norinaga

Norinaga's 1771 'Naobi no Mitama' — programmatic statement of the Way of the Kami against the Confucian and Buddhist 'ways'

Kyoto School / Japanese Buddhist dialectical philosophy 1

#1611 · 1939

The Self-Identity of Absolute Contradiction (Late)

Nishida Kitarō

Nishida's 1939 essay — the late logic of self-identity through absolute contradiction

Kyoto School / Japanese Buddhist phenomenology 1

#1610 · 1927

From the Acting to the Seeing (Middle-to-late)

Nishida Kitarō

Nishida's 1927 'From the Acting to the Seeing' — turn to the logic of place (basho)

Kyoto School / Japanese Buddhist-influenced phenomenology / post-Kantian idealism 1

#1609 · 1917

Intuition and Reflection in Self-Consciousness (Middle)

Nishida Kitarō

Nishida's 1917 second major work — Japanese Buddhist phenomenology in dialogue with Fichte and Husserl

Kyoto School / Japanese phenomenology and Mahāyāna philosophy 1

#907 · 1945 (composed Feb-April 1945; published posthumously)

The Logic of the Place of Nothingness and the Religious Worldview (Late (Nishida's final completed essay, written months before his death))

Nishida Kitarō

Reality is the self-determination of the absolute Nothing — the basho ("place") in which every individual finds and loses itself

Lakota / Native American religious philosophy 1

#643 · 1932

Black Elk Speaks (Late)

Nicholas Black Elk (Heȟáka Sápa), recorded by John G. Neihardt

Black Elk's 1932 foundational Lakota spiritual autobiography — the Great Vision and the sacred hoop

Lakota traditional religion / North American indigenous religious testimony 1

#1679 · 1931 interviews; 1984 edited publication

The Sixth Grandfather (Posthumous (testamentary materials))

Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk)

DeMallie's 1984 'Sixth Grandfather' — Neihardt's original 1931 stenographic transcripts of his interviews with Black Elk

Lakota traditional religion / Oglala Sioux ceremonial tradition / North American indigenous religion 1

#1678 · 1947-48 interviews; 1953 publication

The Sacred Pipe (Late)

Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk)

Black Elk's 1953 'Sacred Pipe' — account of the seven rites of the Oglala Sioux, recorded by Joseph Epes Brown

Late antique Alexandrian Neoplatonism / mathematics 1

#1748 · c. 400 CE

Mathematical Commentary on Diophantus

Hypatia of Alexandria

The mathematical and philosophical legacy of the last great Alexandrian scholar — reconstructed from fragments and testimony

Late antique Christian Platonism 1

#46 · c. 524 AD (in prison at Pavia, awaiting execution by Theodoric)

The Consolation of Philosophy

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

Lady Philosophy consoles a doomed man — fortune is fickle, providence is just, eternity is the simultaneous and complete possession of unending life

Late antique Greek doxography 1

#513 · c. 3rd century CE

Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (Late)

Diogenes Laertius

Diogenes Laertius's 3rd-c. foundational doxographical biography of ancient Greek philosophers

Late antique Latin Christianity / Pelagianism 1

#1756 · c. 414 CE

Letter to Demetrias

Pelagius

Human nature is good, free will is real, and sinlessness is possible — the anti-Augustinian case for moral optimism

Late antique philosophy / Neo-Platonism 1

#51 · Composed c. 254–270 AD; edited by Porphyry c. 301

The Enneads

Plotinus (edited by Porphyry c. 301)

The One emanates Intellect, which emanates Soul, which emanates Nature — and the philosophical life is the soul's ascent back to its source

Late antique philosophy / Pyrrhonist scepticism 1

#71 · c. 160–210 AD

Outlines of Pyrrhonism

Sextus Empiricus

For every argument there is an equal counter-argument — and from equipollence comes suspension and tranquillity

Late Byzantine hesychast theology 1

#524 · 1338-41

Triads (Triads in Defense of the Holy Hesychasts) (Late)

St. Gregory Palamas

Palamas's 1338-41 Triads — foundational distinction between divine essence and uncreated energies

Late Byzantine patristic theology 1

#521 · c. 628-30

Ambigua to John (Ambigua ad Iohannem) (Late)

St. Maximus the Confessor

Maximus the Confessor's c. 628-30 foundational synthesis — the major patristic theological synthesis

Late Heidegger / continental philosophy of technology 1

#156 · 1953 (Munich lecture); 1954 (published)

The Question Concerning Technology (Late)

Martin Heidegger

Modern technology's essence is "enframing" — a mode of revealing that reduces all that is to standing-reserve, including humanity itself

Late Latin encyclopedism; Neoplatonic-Stoic syncretism 1

#1824 · c. 410–420 CE

The Marriage of Philology and Mercury

Martianus Capella

The cosmic wedding that shaped a thousand years of education — Grammar, Dialectic, Rhetoric, Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy, and Music as the seven bridesmaids

Late medieval / Renaissance Christian Platonism / epistemology 1

#941 · c. 1442-43 (composed shortly after De Docta Ignorantia, dedicated to Cardinal Cesarini)

On Conjectures (Mature (the systematic epistemological development of the docta-ignorantia framework))

Nicholas of Cusa (Nicolaus Cusanus)

All finite knowledge is conjecture — approximation to a truth never fully attained — and recognising this is itself the condition of progress

Late medieval / Renaissance Christian Platonism / Neoplatonic mystical theology 2

#939 · 1440 (composed on the return voyage from the failed Council of Florence union with the Greeks)

On Learned Ignorance (Mature (the founding work of Cusa's philosophical career, composed at age 39))

Nicholas of Cusa (Nicolaus Cusanus)

The infinite Maximum cannot be known by finite reason — and recognising this is itself the highest knowledge

#940 · 1453 (composed for the Benedictine monks of Tegernsee, sent with an icon of an all-seeing face)

The Vision of God (Mature (one of Cusa's most condensed and beautiful late works))

Nicholas of Cusa (Nicolaus Cusanus)

The all-seeing icon meets every viewer's gaze — and so does the God whose seeing is the source of all things' being

Late medieval Italian Catholic poetry 1

#1044 · c. 1314-19

Purgatorio (Mature)

Dante Alighieri

The ascent of Mount Purgatory through the seven terraces of capital vice — Dante's most theologically careful cantica

Late medieval Italian mysticism / Dominican lay piety 1

#948 · c. 1377-78 (composed by dictation in ecstatic states; Catherine could read with difficulty and probably could not write)

The Dialogue of Divine Providence (Late (composed in Catherine's last two years, in the midst of her efforts to reform the Church and end the Avignon papacy))

Catherine of Siena (Caterina Benincasa)

The truth of the Mystical Body, the bridge of Christ, and the reform of the Church — Catherine's ecstatic-political mysticism dictated to scribes

Late medieval Italian philosophy of language 1

#1045 · c. 1304-05 (two of four planned books)

De Vulgari Eloquentia (Mid-mature)

Dante Alighieri

The founding philosophical treatise on vernacular language — Dante defending the dignity of Italian against Latin while writing in Latin

Late medieval Latin scholasticism / Rhineland mysticism 1

#943 · c. 1311-26 (planned during Eckhart's second Paris regency, never completed; only fragments survive)

Opus Tripartitum (Late (Eckhart's most ambitious Latin project, undertaken in the years before the 1326 trial))

Meister Eckhart (Eckhart von Hochheim)

A unified Latin scholastic system organising 1,000 propositions on being, the soul, and God — never completed; only fragments and the biblical commentaries survive

Late medieval political philosophy 1

#1046 · c. 1313-18 (during Dante's exile)

De Monarchia (Late)

Dante Alighieri

Universal monarchy as the proper political form for humanity — and the imperial-papal independence

Late patristic / early Byzantine theology 1

#522 · c. 743

Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith (De Fide Orthodoxa) (Late)

St. John of Damascus

John of Damascus's c. 743 systematic compendium — the major late patristic systematic

Late Pyrrhonist scepticism 1

#516 · c. 180-200 CE

Adversus Mathematicos (Against the Mathematicians / Professors) (Late)

Sextus Empiricus

Sextus's c. 180-200 CE major Pyrrhonist work — sceptical attack on the disciplines

Late Roman Neoplatonism / early medieval Christian philosophy 1

#1712 · 524 CE

The Consolation of Philosophy

Boethius

Fortune's wheel turns, but the highest good stands still — a Neoplatonic consolation for the condemned

Late Stoic philosophy 2

#510 · c. 108 CE

Discourses (Diatribai) (Mid)

Epictetus (recorded by Arrian)

Epictetus's c. 108 CE recorded lectures — foundational late Stoic ethics of what is in our power

#511 · c. 125 CE

Enchiridion (Handbook) (Late)

Epictetus (compiled by Arrian)

Epictetus's c. 125 CE compact Stoic handbook — the most influential late Stoic text in posterity

Late Tolstoyan Christian anarchism / Christian non-violence 1

#57 · Written 1890–93; banned in Russia, published 1894 in Berlin

The Kingdom of God Is Within You (Late)

Leo Tolstoy

The Sermon on the Mount taken at its word — non-resistance to evil dissolves both state coercion and ecclesiastical hierarchy

Late twentieth-century American philosophy / pragmatist tradition 1

#967 · 1989 (Wisconsin UP)

The American Evasion of Philosophy (Mature (West's major work of intellectual history, written before the Race Matters celebrity))

Cornel West

American pragmatism is the distinctive philosophical tradition that grew up around the American intellectual evasion of European epistemology — and it has prophetic resources for the present

Late Wagnerian aesthetics / Schopenhauerian metaphysics / Christian-Buddhist syncretism 1

#1460 · 1880 (with appendices through 1881)

Religion and Art (Late)

Richard Wagner

Wagner's 1880 declaration: 'When religion becomes artificial, it is for art to rescue its essence'

Late-antique Christian Neoplatonism 1

#493 · late 5th or early 6th century

The Divine Names (De Divinis Nominibus) (Late)

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite

Pseudo-Dionysius's late 5th-c. foundational Christian Neoplatonist theology of divine names

Late-antique Latin Christian monastic education 1

#1786 · c. 562 CE

Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum

Cassiodorus

The preservation of classical learning at the end of the Roman world — a curriculum for monks who would carry civilisation through the dark centuries