Works

#1515 · 1658 (appended to Castigations)

Bramhall's 1658 final salvo against Hobbes — including 'The Catching of Leviathan'

The Catching of Leviathan (Late)

Bramhall's 1658 'Catching of Leviathan' — arguing Hobbes is materialist-atheist, Erastian, and politically dangerous

High-Church Anglicanism / Caroline divinity / Restoration ecclesiology 1

#1512 · 1654

A Just Vindication of the Church of England (Late (Civil-War exile))

Bramhall's 1654 'Just Vindication' — defending Anglican orders and ecclesiology in exile

High-Church Anglicanism / scholastic-Aristotelian free-will theology / anti-Hobbist controversy 1

#1513 · 1655

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity (Late)

#1877 · c. 400 BCE – 400 CE (composite; core narrative possibly older)

Bramhall's 1655 reply to Hobbes — defending libertarian free will against Hobbist necessitarianism

Hindu epic / Vedic-Brahmanical 1

Mahabharata (attributed)

Vyasa (traditional attribution)

What is here is found elsewhere; what is not here is nowhere — the encyclopedic epic of dharma

Hindu epic literature / itihasa 1

#1716 · c. 5th century BCE–3rd century CE (composite)

Ramayana

Valmiki (traditional)

Dharma as destiny, devotion as liberation — the adi kavya (first poem) and the moral imagination of a civilisation

Hindu philosophy / Advaita Vedānta 1

#73 · c. 700–750 AD

Brahma Sutra Bhāṣya

Ādi Śaṅkara (Śaṅkarācārya)

Brahman alone is real; the world is appearance; the Self is Brahman — and liberation comes through knowledge alone

Hindu philosophy / one of the six classical darshanas 1

#52 · c. 2nd century BC – 4th century AD (composite redaction likely)

Yoga Sutras

Patañjali (the historical author or compiler; possibly composite)

Yoga is the cessation of the modifications of the mind (yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ) — the eightfold path leads to liberating samādhi

Hindu Vedanta / Dvaita / Madhva sampradāya 4

#1141 · 13th century

Mahābhārata-Tātparya-Nirṇaya (Mature)

Madhva's 13th-c. interpretive work on the Mahābhārata — establishing the proper Dvaita reading of the epic

#1142 · 13th century

Viṣṇu-Tattva-Nirṇaya (Mature)

Madhva's 13th-c. systematic exposition — the decisive determination of the Dvaita-Vaiṣṇava metaphysical position

#1143 · 13th century

Tattvodyota (Mature)

#1140 · 13th century (Madhva c. 1238-1317)

Madhva's 13th-c. polemical work — sustained refutation of Advaita non-dualism

Brahma-Sūtra-Bhāṣya (Mature)

#1209 · 1916-20 (serial in Arya); revised book form 1922 (First Series), 1928 (Second Series)

Madhva's 13th-c. commentary on the Brahma Sutras — founding text of Dvaita Vedanta's pluralist metaphysical realism

Hindu Vedanta / Integral non-dualism 1

Essays on the Gita (Mature)

#1207 · 1914-21 (serial), revisions through 1940s

Aurobindo's 1916-20 commentary on the Bhagavad Gita — integral-Vedantic reading

Hindu Vedanta / Integral yoga 1

The Synthesis of Yoga (Mature)

#1208 · c. 1916-1950 (composed across decades; final revisions until weeks before Aurobindo's 1950 death)

Aurobindo's integral-yoga manual — synthesis of major yogic traditions for the evolution of consciousness

Hindu Vedanta / Integral yoga / English-language epic poetry 1

Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol (Late)

Hippocrates (or a Hippocratic author)

Aurobindo's c.1916-1950 epic poem — 24,000-line mantra-poetry on Savitri's recovery of Satyavan from death

Hippocratic medicine 1

#1698 · c. 410–390 BCE

On the Sacred Disease

Epilepsy is no more sacred than any other disease — the founding declaration of naturalistic medicine

History and philosophy of science 1

#192 · 1957

The Copernican Revolution (Early (Kuhn's first book))

Thomas Kuhn

Astronomy from antiquity to Newton, traced as a developmental whole — the historical study that gave Kuhn the questions answered five years later in Structure

Hittite royal literary tradition 1

#1887 · c. 1267–1237 BCE

Apology of Hattusili III

Hattusili III

Ishtar, my lady, always rescued me — the first autobiography, a usurper's masterwork of political self-justification through divine destiny

Holocaust survivor literature 1

#711 · 1947 (rev. 1958)

If This Is a Man (Se questo è un uomo) (Mid)

Primo Levi

Primo Levi's 1947 foundational Holocaust survivor memoir — Auschwitz testimony

Hong Kong / Taiwan New Confucianism 1

#628 · 1971

Intellectual Intuition and Chinese Philosophy (Zhi de zhijue yu Zhongguo zhexue) (Late)

Mou Zongsan

Mou Zongsan's 1971 foundational New Confucian text — Chinese intellectual intuition vs. Kantian limit

Huayan (Flower Garland) Buddhism 1

#1778 · c. 699 CE (lecture to Empress Wu Zetian)

Treatise on the Golden Lion

Fazang

The gold is in the lion, the lion is in the gold — principle and phenomena interpenetrate, and every part contains the whole

Huayan Buddhism / Chan (Zen) Buddhism 1

#1784 · c. 830s CE

Inquiry into the Origin of Humanity

Zongmi

From Confucianism and Daoism through Hinayana and Mahayana to the supreme truth of Original Awakening — a grand classification of all teachings

Hungarian-British post-critical philosophy / tacit-dimension 1

#435 · 1958 (Gifford Lectures 1951-52 at Aberdeen)

Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (Late)

Michael Polanyi

Polanyi's 1958 foundational post-critical philosophy of tacit knowledge — "we know more than we can tell"

Husserlian phenomenology / philosophical anthropology 2

#1430 · 1917

On the Problem of Empathy (Early)

Edith Stein (St. Teresia Benedicta of the Cross)

Stein's 1917 phenomenological dissertation on empathy under Husserl

#1431 · 1922

Philosophy of Psychology and the Humanities (Early)

Edith Stein (St. Teresia Benedicta of the Cross)

Stein's 1922 phenomenological investigations on psyche and community

Indian aesthetics / Hindu performative tradition 1

#1737 · c. 2nd century BCE (core text; compiled over several centuries)

Nāṭyaśāstra

Bharata Muni

Rasa — the theory that aesthetic emotion arises from the convergence of determinants, consequents, and transitory feelings in the receptive spectator

Indian Dvaita Vedānta 1

#471 · c. 1250

Anuvyākhyāna (Mid)

#1736 · c. 4th century BCE

Madhva's 13th-c. foundational Dvaita Vedānta verse-commentary on the Brahma Sūtras

Indian grammatical tradition (vyākaraṇa) 1

Aṣṭādhyāyī

Pāṇini

3,959 rules — the first formal generative system in human history, deriving all of Sanskrit from roots, suffixes, and transformations

Indian Integral Yoga / Neo-Vedānta 1

#478 · 1914-19 (Arya magazine); 1939-40 (book)

The Life Divine (Late)

Sri Aurobindo (Aurobindo Ghose)

Aurobindo's 1939-40 magnum opus of Integral Yoga — descent of the Supermind into matter

Indian political philosophy / anti-colonial thought 1

#227 · 1909 (written aboard the Kildonan Castle in ten days during the voyage from London to South Africa)

Hind Swaraj (Early (the founding text of Gandhi's mature political-philosophical vision))

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Indian home rule as the rejection of British civilisation itself — Gandhi's 1909 dialogue establishing the philosophical foundation of his subsequent satyagraha

Indian political philosophy / arthashastra tradition 1

#1714 · c. 3rd century BCE (core); redacted c. 2nd century CE

Arthashastra

Kautilya (Chanakya)

The science of punishment and prosperity — a manual for total statecraft from taxation to assassination

Indian political philosophy / spiritual autobiography 1

#228 · 1925-29 (originally serialised in the weekly Navajivan; the chapters cover Gandhi's life through the early Indian campaigns up to 1921)

An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth (Late-mid (looking back over the formative years))

Mohandas K. Gandhi

The "experiments with truth" — Gandhi's spiritual-political journey from childhood through early satyagraha, the major source for his self-understanding

Indian political-religious philosophy 1

#368 · 1929-32 (translations and commentaries; collected as Anasakti Yoga 1930)

Anasakti Yoga: The Gita According to Gandhi (Mid-late)

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Gandhi's commentary on the Bhagavad Gita — anasakti (non-attachment) as the central spiritual-political category

Indian scepticism / Charvaka-Lokayata (debated) 1

#1783 · c. 8th century CE

Tattvopaplavasimha

Jayarasi Bhatta

A systematic demolition of every means of valid knowledge recognised by every Indian school — perception, inference, testimony, all devoured

Indian Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta 1

#470 · c. 1100

Śrī Bhāṣya (Mid)

Rāmānuja

Rāmānuja's 12th-c. foundational Viśiṣṭādvaita commentary on the Brahma Sūtras

Indian Yogācāra Buddhism 1

#469 · c. 4th-5th century CE

Mahāyānasaṃgraha (Mid)

Asaṅga

Asaṅga's 4th-c. Compendium of the Mahāyāna — foundational Yogācāra systematic

Indigenous philosophy / Critical theory 2

#1341 · 1995

Red Earth, White Lies (Late)

Deloria's 1995 critique of Western scientific narratives about Native peoples

#1343 · 2002

Evolution, Creationism, and Other Modern Myths (Late)

#1340 · 1973 (1st ed.), 1992 (2nd ed.), 2003 (3rd ed.)

Deloria's 2002 critique of evolutionary biology and creationism alike

Indigenous philosophy / Native American religious thought 2

God Is Red (Mid)

Deloria's 1973 comparative philosophy of religion

#1342 · 1999

Spirit and Reason (Late)

#1637 · 1916-18 (Arya serial); 1949 book

Deloria's 1999 essays — Native philosophy of religion and politics

Integral Yoga / Indian philosophical history / philosophy of social development 1

The Human Cycle (Middle)

#1638 · 1914-16 (Arya serial); 1956 book

Aurobindo's 1949 'Human Cycle' — psychological stages of human collective development (Symbolic, Typal, Conventional, Individualist, Subjective)

Integral Yoga / Vedic hermeneutics / Indian philosophical retranslation 1

The Secret of the Veda (Early-to-middle)

#1124 · 1947-48 (drafted), December 10, 1948 (adopted)

Aurobindo's 1956 'Secret of the Veda' — symbolic-philosophical reinterpretation of the Rig Veda against the Sayana / Max Müller readings

International human-rights tradition / Liberal-internationalism 1

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Late)

Eleanor Roosevelt

Eleanor Roosevelt-chaired UN drafting committee's 1948 Universal Declaration — founding document of international human-rights law

Iqbalian Islamic philosophy / Persian intellectual history / Sufism 1

#1635 · 1907-08 (Cambridge dissertation; published 1908)

The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (Early)

Muhammad Iqbal

Iqbal's 1908 Cambridge dissertation — survey of Persian Islamic philosophy from Zoroaster to the Bahai movement

Iranian School of Isfahan / Transcendent Theosophy (al-ḥikma al-mutaʿāliya) 1

#484 · c. 1628

al-Ḥikma al-Mutaʿāliya fī l-Asfār al-ʿAqliyya al-Arbaʿa (Transcendent Wisdom in the Four Intellectual Journeys) (Late)

Mullā Ṣadrā (Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī)

Mullā Ṣadrā's 17th-c. magnum opus — the great synthesis of Iranian Islamic philosophy

Irish modernism 1

#669 · 1914-21 (composed); 1922 (published)

Ulysses (Mid)

James Joyce

Joyce's 1922 foundational modernist novel — Leopold Bloom's Odyssean day in Dublin

Irish modernist-occult literature 1

#657 · 1925 (1st edn); 1937 (rev. 2nd edn)

A Vision (Late)

W.B. Yeats

Yeats's 1925/1937 foundational esoteric-philosophical synthesis — the 28 phases of the moon and the gyres of history

Irish monastic and penitential literature 1

#1805 · c. 590–615 (composed during his continental mission)

Penitential and Monastic Rules

Columbanus

A tariff for the soul — the Irish monk's system of private confession and calibrated penance that became the ancestor of the modern confessional

Islam (all branches) 1

#33 · c. 610–632 AD (the period of the Prophet's mission); 'Uthmānic codex c. 650

The Quran

Considered by Muslims the direct word of God; transmitted through Muhammad; collected under 'Uthmān (c. 650)

There is no god but God; the recitation is the direct, untranslatable speech of God; submission (islām) is the human posture before the divine

Islamic (early Kalam / proto-Mu'tazili) 1

#1852 · c. 700 CE

Letter on Qadar

Hasan al-Basri

God does not compel sin — the earliest Islamic argument for human moral freedom against fatalism

Islamic (Shia / Ja'fari) 1

#1853 · c. 720–765 CE (compiled 9th–10th century)

Legal and Theological Teachings of Ja'far al-Sadiq

Ja'far al-Sadiq (compiled by al-Kulayni, al-Saduq, and others)

The Truthful Imam's legacy — jurisprudence, theology, and esoteric knowledge from the Prophet's lineage

Islamic (Shia and Sunni) 1

#1850 · c. 7th century CE (compiled c. 1010 CE)

Nahj al-Balagha

Ali ibn Abi Talib (compiled by al-Sharif al-Radi, d. 1015)

The Peak of Eloquence — theology, governance, and wisdom from the gate of prophetic knowledge

Islamic falsafa / Andalusian-Maliki jurisprudence 1

#1119 · c. 1179

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise) (Mature)

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

Averroes's c.1179 short treatise — the harmony of philosophy and Islamic revealed religion

Islamic falsafa / Aristotelian philosophy 2

#1292 · c. 1014-1020

Kitāb al-Shifāʾ (Book of Healing) (Mature)

Avicenna's c.1014-20 vast philosophical encyclopedia

#1294 · c. 1027

Kitāb al-Najāt (Book of Salvation) (Mature)

Avicenna's c.1027 philosophical compendium — summary of the Shifāʾ

Islamic falsafa / Aristotelian-Neoplatonist philosophy 1

#1295 · c. 1014-1020

Ilāhiyyāt (Metaphysics of the Shifāʾ) (Mature)

Al-Tabari (Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir)

Avicenna's metaphysical section of the Shifāʾ — the proper-philosophical theology

Islamic falsafa / medieval Aristotelian philosophy 1

#305 · c. 1180

Tahāfut al-Tahāfut (Mid-late (Averroes's major systematic philosophical defence))

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

"The Incoherence of the Incoherence" — Averroes's major philosophical defence against al-Ghazali's critique of the philosophers

Islamic geography (Balkhi school) 1

#1860 · c. 985 CE

Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions

Al-Muqaddasi

I have not described what I have not seen — the fourteen regions of the Islamic world through the geographer's own eyes

Islamic historiography and geography 1

#1856 · c. 947 CE

Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems

Al-Masudi

The Herodotus of the Arabs surveys every civilisation he can reach — universal history grounded in the traveller's own eyes

Islamic historiography based on isnad (chains of transmission) 1

#1795 · c. 915

Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk (History of Prophets and Kings) (Early)

The most comprehensive universal history of the early Islamic world — from creation through the prophets to the Abbasid caliphate, transmitted through chains of scholarly authority

Islamic Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) philosophy 1

#485 · c. 1186

Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq (The Philosophy of Illumination) (Mid)

Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī

Suhrawardī's 12th-c. foundational Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) philosophy — light-ontology

Islamic medical tradition / Aristotelian-Galenic medicine 1

#1293 · c. 1025

al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine) (Mature)