Works

#361

Island (Late)

Aldous Huxley · 1962

Utopian novel · 20th-century English utopian / perennialist literature

Huxley's 1962 final novel — utopian counterpart to Brave New World, integrating Mahayana Buddhism and psychedelic experience

20% buddhism 20% psychedelic-entheogenic 10% tibetan-vajrayana-buddhism 10% deep-ecology 5% taoism 5% advaita-vedanta 10% transhumanism-posthumanism 5% liberation-theology 5% phenomenology 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% liberal-theology +8

#362

No Man Is an Island (Mid)

Thomas Merton · 1955

Collection of contemplative essays · American Catholic / Trappist contemplative spirituality

Merton's 1955 collection of contemplative essays on Christian life

30% catholic-thomistic 5% platonism-classical 10% neo-platonism 10% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% christian-personalism 10% christian-existentialism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% liberal-theology 5% liberation-theology 5% phenomenology 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 6% catholicism 8% christian-mysticism +10

#363

Conjectures of a Guilty Bystander (Late)

Thomas Merton · 1966

Journal-meditative book · American Catholic contemplative spirituality / social criticism

Merton's 1966 mature work — integrating Trappist contemplative depth with social-political engagement

20% catholic-thomistic 15% liberation-theology 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% christian-personalism 10% buddhism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% neo-platonism 10% liberal-theology 5% evangelical-protestantism 10% christian-existentialism 5% phenomenology 6% catholicism 8% christian-mysticism +10

#364

Mystics and Zen Masters (Late)

Thomas Merton · 1967

Collection of essays · Catholic comparative mysticism / Zen-Christian dialogue

Merton's 1967 collection of essays on Christian-Buddhist comparative mysticism

25% buddhism 15% catholic-thomistic 10% neo-platonism 10% taoism 10% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 10% liberal-theology 5% phenomenology 5% advaita-vedanta 5% pure-land-buddhism 6% catholicism 8% christian-mysticism +9

#365

The Prophetic Faith (Late)

Martin Buber · 1949 (German); 1948 (Hebrew)

Theological-philosophical study · Jewish religious philosophy

Buber's 1949 study of the biblical Hebrew prophets — the major work on prophetic faith

30% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 15% liberal-theology 10% kabbalah-lurianic 10% christian-existentialism 10% christian-personalism 10% liberation-theology 5% phenomenology 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% evangelical-protestantism +6

#366

Eclipse of God (Late)

Martin Buber · 1952

Essay collection · Jewish religious philosophy

Buber's 1952 essays on the modern eclipse of God — engagement with Nietzsche, Sartre, Heidegger

25% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 15% existentialism 10% christian-existentialism 10% phenomenology 10% nihilism 10% liberal-theology 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% christian-personalism 5% absurdism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud +7

#367

Commentary on the Mishnah (Early-mid)

Moses Maimonides (Rambam) · c. 1158-68

Systematic commentary · Medieval Jewish theology and law

Maimonides's major early systematic commentary on the Mishnah

40% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 15% rationalism 10% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 10% hylomorphism 5% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% neo-platonism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% kabbalah-lurianic +6

#368

Anasakti Yoga: The Gita According to Gandhi (Mid-late)

Mohandas K. Gandhi · 1929-32 (translations and commentaries; collected as Anasakti Yoga 1930)

Translation and commentary · Indian political-religious philosophy

Gandhi's commentary on the Bhagavad Gita — anasakti (non-attachment) as the central spiritual-political category

20% advaita-vedanta 10% jainism-anekantavada 10% liberation-theology 10% samkhya 5% evangelical-protestantism 10% transcendentalism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% realism 5% process-philosophy 5% christian-existentialism 5% liberal-theology 5% stoicism +9

#369

Letters to Olga (Mid (composed during Havel's 1979-83 imprisonment))

Václav Havel · 1979-83 (letters from prison)

Prison letters · Czech dissident philosophy / phenomenology

Havel's 1979-83 prison letters to his wife Olga — the major philosophical work composed in prison

25% phenomenology 10% christian-existentialism 15% existentialism 10% liberation-theology 10% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% absurdism 5% liberal-theology 5% christian-personalism +6

#370

The Cancer Journals (Mid)

Audre Lorde · 1980

Prose memoir-meditation · Black feminist autobiographical-political writing

Lorde's 1980 prose memoir on breast cancer diagnosis and mastectomy — the major early feminist-political analysis of women's health

20% liberation-theology 15% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% phenomenology 10% existentialism 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 10% postmodernism 5% constructivism 5% naturalism 5% afrofuturism +8

#371

The Symbolism of Evil (Early)

Paul Ricoeur · 1960 (French; English 1967)

Phenomenological-hermeneutic study · French phenomenology / hermeneutics

Ricoeur's 1960 phenomenological-hermeneutic study of evil through myth and symbol

25% phenomenology 25% hermeneutics 10% liberal-theology 10% christian-existentialism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% existentialism 5% structuralism 5% classicism 5% romanticism +6

#372

Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary (Early)

Paul Ricoeur · 1950 (French; English 1966)

Phenomenological study · French phenomenology

Ricoeur's 1950 phenomenological study of the voluntary and the involuntary — volume I of Philosophy of the Will

35% phenomenology 15% existentialism 10% christian-existentialism 10% hermeneutics 5% liberal-theology 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% realism 5% naturalism +6

#373

Time and Narrative (Late)

Paul Ricoeur · 1983-85 (3 vols; English 1984-88)

Hermeneutic philosophy · French phenomenology / hermeneutics

Ricoeur's 1983-85 three-volume hermeneutic study of time and narrative

30% hermeneutics 20% phenomenology 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% structuralism 5% liberal-theology 5% dialectical-materialism 5% classicism 5% existentialism 5% realism 5% naturalism +7

#374

Oneself as Another (Late)

Paul Ricoeur · 1990 (French; English 1992)

Philosophical lectures · French phenomenology / hermeneutics

Ricoeur's 1990 Gifford Lectures on selfhood, identity, and the ethics of the other

25% hermeneutics 20% phenomenology 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% virtue-ethics 5% deontological-ethics 5% liberal-theology 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% existentialism 5% communitarianism 5% liberalism +7

#375

Memory, History, Forgetting (Late)

Paul Ricoeur · 2000 (French; English 2004)

Philosophical magnum opus · French phenomenology / hermeneutics

Ricoeur's 2000 late masterwork on memory, history, and forgetting

25% hermeneutics 20% phenomenology 10% analytic-metaphysics 5% dialectical-materialism 10% liberal-theology 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% rabbinic-judaism 10% realism 5% existentialism 5% structuralism +7

#376

Writing and Difference (Early)

Jacques Derrida · 1967 (French; English 1978)

Philosophical essays · French poststructuralism / deconstruction

Derrida's 1967 essay collection — one of the three foundational deconstruction texts

35% structuralism 15% phenomenology 15% postmodernism 10% psychoanalysis 5% hermeneutics 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% existentialism 5% idealism 5% rabbinic-judaism +6

#377

Word and Object (Mid)

W.V.O. Quine · 1960

Systematic analytic philosophy · American analytic philosophy

Quine's 1960 systematic work introducing radical translation, indeterminacy, and ontological commitment

35% analytic-metaphysics 20% naturalism 10% pragmatism 10% behaviorism 10% empiricism 5% realism 5% logicism +4

#378

Civilization and Its Discontents (Late)

Sigmund Freud · 1930 (German; English 1930)

Psychoanalytic-cultural essay · Viennese psychoanalysis

Freud's 1930 major late work on civilization's cost to the instinctual life

40% psychoanalysis 15% naturalism 10% materialism 10% critical-theory 10% pessimism 5% liberalism 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% romanticism +5

#379

The Future of an Illusion (Late)

Sigmund Freud · 1927 (German; English 1928)

Psychoanalytic-cultural essay · Viennese psychoanalysis

Freud's 1927 psychoanalytic critique of religion as collective wish-fulfillment

30% psychoanalysis 15% naturalism 15% scientism 15% atheism-secularism 10% materialism 5% logical-positivism 5% liberalism 5% rabbinic-judaism +5

#380

Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Late)

Sigmund Freud · 1920 (German; English 1922)

Psychoanalytic theory · Viennese psychoanalysis

Freud's 1920 introduction of the death drive (Todestrieb)

40% psychoanalysis 15% naturalism 10% materialism 10% pessimism 10% critical-theory 5% structuralism 5% romanticism 5% liberalism +5

#381

Dialectic of Enlightenment (Mid)

Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer · 1944 (private circulation); 1947 (Amsterdam edition)

Philosophical fragments · Frankfurt School critical theory

Adorno and Horkheimer's 1944/47 foundational Frankfurt School critique of Enlightenment rationality

25% dialectical-materialism 15% critical-realism 10% postmodernism 5% naturalism 10% existentialism 10% idealism 10% nihilism 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% pyrrhonism +7

#382

Negative Dialectics (Late)

Theodor W. Adorno · 1966 (German; English 1973)

Critical-dialectical philosophy · Frankfurt School critical theory

Adorno's 1966 magnum opus — negative dialectics as non-identity thinking

25% dialectical-materialism 15% critical-realism 15% idealism 10% phenomenology 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% postmodernism 5% naturalism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% nihilism 5% existentialism +7

#383

Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life (Mid)

Theodor W. Adorno · 1944-47 (composed); 1951 (published)

Aphoristic essays · Frankfurt School critical theory

Adorno's 1951 collection of aphoristic reflections — "Wrong life cannot be lived rightly"

20% dialectical-materialism 15% critical-realism 10% nihilism 10% existentialism 5% idealism 10% absurdism 5% phenomenology 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 10% postmodernism 10% pyrrhonism +7

#384

Eclipse of Reason (Mid)

Max Horkheimer · 1947 (English original; German edition 1967)

Critical-philosophical lectures · Frankfurt School critical theory

Horkheimer's 1947 lectures on the historical decline of substantive reason

20% dialectical-materialism 15% critical-realism 15% idealism 10% naturalism 10% pragmatism 10% logical-positivism 5% phenomenology 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% nihilism 5% liberal-theology +7

#385

One-Dimensional Man (Late)

Herbert Marcuse · 1964

Critical-theoretic essay · Frankfurt School critical theory

Marcuse's 1964 Frankfurt School critique of advanced industrial society — "one-dimensional" people

25% dialectical-materialism 15% critical-realism 10% existentialism 10% idealism 10% liberation-theology 5% naturalism 5% postmodernism 5% phenomenology 5% nihilism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% liberalism +8

#386

Eros and Civilization (Mid)

Herbert Marcuse · 1955

Freudo-Marxist philosophy · Frankfurt School critical theory

Marcuse's 1955 Freudo-Marxist envisioning of non-repressive civilization

20% dialectical-materialism 25% psychoanalysis 10% critical-realism 10% liberation-theology 10% idealism 5% naturalism 5% existentialism 5% platonism-classical 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% epicureanism +7

#387

Theses on the Philosophy of History (Late)

Walter Benjamin · 1940 (German; English 1968)

Philosophical theses · Frankfurt School / Jewish-messianic Marxism

Benjamin's 1940 final essay on history, messianic time, and revolution — the Angel of History

25% dialectical-materialism 15% kabbalah-lurianic 10% critical-realism 10% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% idealism 10% romanticism 5% postmodernism 5% nihilism 5% absurdism 10% phenomenology +7

#388

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (Late)

Walter Benjamin · 1935-36 (multiple versions); first published 1936 in French

Critical essay on aesthetics and media · Frankfurt School critical theory

Benjamin's 1935-36 foundational essay on art, aura, and mechanical reproduction

25% dialectical-materialism 15% critical-realism 15% postmodernism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% idealism 5% naturalism 10% dataism-information-ontology 5% phenomenology 5% transhumanism-posthumanism 5% romanticism +8

#389

The Wretched of the Earth (Late)

Frantz Fanon · 1961 (French; English 1963)

Anti-colonial revolutionary theory · Caribbean-Algerian decolonial thought

Fanon's 1961 anti-colonial revolutionary classic — the major statement of decolonial thought

20% liberation-theology 20% dialectical-materialism 10% existentialism 10% phenomenology 10% psychoanalysis 5% critical-realism 5% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 5% humanism 5% postmodernism +8

#390

Black Skin, White Masks (Early)

Frantz Fanon · 1952 (French; English 1967)

Phenomenological-psychoanalytic study · Caribbean-Algerian decolonial thought

Fanon's 1952 first book — phenomenological-psychoanalytic study of the colonized Black psyche

20% phenomenology 20% psychoanalysis 15% existentialism 10% liberation-theology 10% dialectical-materialism 5% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 5% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 5% postmodernism 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% humanism +7

#391

Knowledge and Human Interests (Early)

Jürgen Habermas · 1968 (German; English 1971)

Critical-philosophical treatise · Frankfurt School / critical theory

Habermas's 1968 work on the cognitive interests (technical, practical, emancipatory) grounding knowledge

20% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 10% phenomenology 10% pragmatism 10% psychoanalysis 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% idealism 5% logical-positivism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% naturalism 5% liberal-theology +8

#392

Between Facts and Norms (Late)

Jürgen Habermas · 1992 (German; English 1996)

Political-legal philosophy · Frankfurt School / discourse ethics

Habermas's 1992 systematic statement on law, democracy, and discourse theory of politics

15% critical-realism 15% pragmatism 15% kantian-transcendental-idealism 10% liberal-theology 10% dialectical-materialism 5% phenomenology 10% analytic-metaphysics 5% idealism 5% realism 5% naturalism 5% pragmatic-realism +8

#393

The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (Mid)

Jürgen Habermas · 1985 (German; English 1987)

Critical lectures · Frankfurt School / communicative action

Habermas's 1985 critical engagement with poststructuralism and the philosophical discourse of modernity

15% critical-realism 10% dialectical-materialism 15% idealism 10% pragmatism 5% phenomenology 15% postmodernism 10% structuralism 5% existentialism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% liberal-theology 5% nihilism +8

#394

Truth and Method (Mid)

Hans-Georg Gadamer · 1960 (German; English 1975, 2nd rev. ed. 1989)

Hermeneutic philosophy · German philosophical hermeneutics

Gadamer's 1960 magnum opus — the major statement of philosophical hermeneutics

30% phenomenology 15% existentialism 10% idealism 10% platonism-classical 10% liberal-theology 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% romanticism 5% realism 5% lutheranism +6

#395

Gender Trouble (Early)

Judith Butler · 1990

Feminist-poststructuralist philosophy · Anglo-American poststructuralist feminism

Butler's 1990 foundational work — gender as performative, not expressive of pre-given identity

25% postmodernism 15% structuralism 10% phenomenology 10% psychoanalysis 10% existentialism 5% critical-realism 10% constructivism 5% dialectical-materialism 5% liberation-theology 5% analytic-metaphysics +7

#396

Bodies That Matter (Early)

Judith Butler · 1993

Feminist-poststructuralist philosophy · Anglo-American poststructuralist feminism

Butler's 1993 elaboration of the performativity thesis — bodies and materiality

25% postmodernism 10% structuralism 15% psychoanalysis 10% phenomenology 5% existentialism 5% platonism-classical 5% critical-realism 10% constructivism 5% liberation-theology 5% realism 5% naturalism +8

#397

Orientalism (Mid)

Edward W. Said · 1978

Postcolonial cultural criticism · Postcolonial studies

Said's 1978 foundational text of postcolonial studies — Orientalism as discourse

20% postmodernism 15% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 15% structuralism 10% liberation-theology 5% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 5% phenomenology 5% constructivism 5% realism 5% analytic-metaphysics +7

#398

Culture and Imperialism (Late)

Edward W. Said · 1993

Postcolonial cultural criticism · Postcolonial studies

Said's 1993 broader engagement with the cultural dimensions of imperialism

20% postmodernism 15% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 10% structuralism 15% liberation-theology 5% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 5% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 5% phenomenology 5% realism 5% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology +7

#399

Can the Subaltern Speak? (Mid)

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak · 1988 (essay in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture; rev. 1999 in Critique of Postcolonial Reason)

Postcolonial-feminist essay · Postcolonial studies / deconstructive Marxism

Spivak's 1988 foundational essay — "Can the subaltern speak?"

25% postmodernism 20% dialectical-materialism 10% critical-realism 15% liberation-theology 10% structuralism 5% advaita-vedanta 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% phenomenology 5% realism +6

#400

Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (Early)

bell hooks · 1984

Feminist political theory · Black feminism / intersectional feminism

hooks's 1984 foundational Black feminist statement — from margin to center

25% liberation-theology 15% dialectical-materialism 10% critical-realism 10% postmodernism 5% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 10% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% existentialism 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% phenomenology 5% constructivism +8

#401

Democracy and Education (Mid)

John Dewey · 1916

Philosophy of education · American pragmatism / progressive education

Dewey's 1916 systematic philosophy of education and democracy

30% pragmatism 15% pragmatic-realism 15% naturalism 10% empiricism 10% liberal-theology 5% constructivism 5% idealism 5% transcendentalism 5% realism +6

#402

Art as Experience (Late)

John Dewey · 1934 (William James Lectures at Harvard, 1931)

Aesthetic philosophy · American pragmatism

Dewey's 1934 major aesthetic theory — art as the consummation of experience

30% pragmatism 15% pragmatic-realism 15% naturalism 10% empiricism 5% transcendentalism 10% process-philosophy 5% idealism 5% realism 5% phenomenology +6

#403

The Quest for Certainty (Late)

John Dewey · 1929 (Gifford Lectures at Edinburgh, 1928-29)

Pragmatist epistemology · American pragmatism

Dewey's 1929 Gifford Lectures critiquing the spectator theory of knowledge

30% pragmatism 15% pragmatic-realism 20% naturalism 10% empiricism 10% realism 5% process-philosophy 5% liberal-theology 5% idealism +5

#404

The Fixation of Belief (Early)

Charles Sanders Peirce · 1877 (Popular Science Monthly, November)

Pragmatist essay · American pragmatism

Peirce's 1877 foundational pragmatist essay — the four methods of belief-fixation

40% pragmatism 15% pragmatic-realism 15% realism 10% naturalism 5% empiricism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% logicism 5% rationalism +5

#405

The Philosophy of Loyalty (Late)

Josiah Royce · 1908

Ethical philosophy · American idealism / Harvard pragmatism

Royce's 1908 idealist-pragmatist treatise on loyalty as the central ethical category

30% idealism 15% pragmatism 10% transcendentalism 10% christian-personalism 10% liberal-theology 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% process-philosophy 5% realism +6

#406

Modes of Thought (Late)

Alfred North Whitehead · 1938 (Wellesley & University of Chicago lectures, 1937-38)

Late philosophical lectures · Process philosophy / English-American metaphysics

Whitehead's 1938 late lectures on the modes of philosophical thinking — the most accessible introduction to his thought

30% process-philosophy 10% process-theology 15% realism 10% naturalism 10% panpsychism 5% idealism 5% pragmatism 5% platonism-classical 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% relationalism +7

#407

A Theology of Liberation (Early (Gutiérrez's breakthrough work; the founding text of the school))

Gustavo Gutiérrez · 1971 (Spanish); 1973 (English)

Systematic theological treatise · Latin American liberation theology / post-Vatican II Catholic social thought

Theology done from the underside of Latin American history — the option for the poor as the heart of Christian faith

50% liberation-theology 15% catholic-thomistic 15% dialectical-materialism 10% christian-personalism 10% phenomenology +2

#408

Symbols of Transformation (Early (the 1912 break-from-Freud book; revised in 1952 as the mature statement of analytical psychology's mythopoeic register))

Carl Gustav Jung · 1912 (revised 1952)

Extended psychological-mythological treatise · Analytical psychology / depth psychology

The libido as not solely sexual but generally psychic energy — the archetypal substrate of myth, religion, and the collective unconscious

20% panpsychism 25% hermeticism 10% advaita-vedanta 10% tibetan-vajrayana-buddhism -10% naturalism 6% gnosticism +3

#409

The Elementary Structures of Kinship (Early (Lévi-Strauss's breakthrough work; the foundation of structural anthropology))

Claude Lévi-Strauss · 1949

Comparative ethnological treatise · French structuralism / mid-20th-century anthropology

Kinship as a system of exchange — the incest prohibition as the threshold between nature and culture

50% structuralism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% naturalism 10% dialectical-materialism 10% postmodernism +2

#410

Ecology, Community and Lifestyle (Late (Næss's mature statement; the systematic expansion of his 1973 "shallow vs deep ecology" essay))

Arne Næss · 1976 (Norwegian); 1989 (English)

Philosophical treatise on environmental ethics and ontology · Deep ecology / Scandinavian environmental philosophy

The expanded Self: ecological well-being as the extension of self-identification to the wider community of life

50% deep-ecology 25% spinozist-pantheism 15% buddhism 10% process-philosophy +1

#411

The Conscious Mind (Early (Chalmers's breakthrough book, derived from his 1993 Indiana PhD))

David J. Chalmers · 1996

Systematic philosophical treatise on consciousness · Analytic philosophy of mind / late-twentieth-century consciousness studies

The "hard problem" of consciousness — why physical processes give rise to subjective experience at all

30% panpsychism 30% analytic-metaphysics 20% dualism 10% naturalism 10% simulation-theory 8% analytic-philosophy +3

#412

Tool-Being (Early (Harman's breakthrough work, derived from his 1999 DePaul PhD))

Graham Harman · 2002

Philosophical monograph (Heidegger commentary + speculative metaphysics) · Object-oriented ontology / speculative realism

Objects withdraw — the founding manifesto of object-oriented ontology, against the anti-realism of the linguistic turn

50% object-oriented-ontology 25% phenomenology 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% critical-realism 5% process-philosophy +2

#413

On the Plurality of Worlds (Late (Lewis's mature systematic statement of the modal-realist programme))

David Lewis · 1986

Systematic philosophical monograph · Analytic metaphysics / modal realism

Every way the world could have been is a way some concrete world is — modal realism in its strongest form

40% multiverse-theory 40% analytic-metaphysics 15% naturalism 10% platonism-classical 5% simulation-theory 8% analytic-philosophy 8% modal-realism +4

#414

Time and Modality (Early (Prior's first major synthesis of tense logic, derived from his 1955-56 Oxford Locke Lectures))

Arthur N. Prior · 1957

Lecture-derived treatise; formal logic with philosophical motivation · Analytic philosophy of time / formal logic

The future is open, the present is uniquely real — tense logic as the formal vindication of presentism

40% presentism 25% analytic-metaphysics 10% rationalism -15% eternalism 10% catholic-thomistic +2

#415

Guru Granth Sahib

Compiled by Guru Arjan (1604); declared eternal Guru by Guru Gobind Singh (1708); composite authorship across the ten Gurus and contributing bhakti / Sufi saints (Kabir, Namdev, Ravidas, Sheikh Farid, etc.) · 1604 (Adi Granth, compiled by Guru Arjan); 1706 (Damdama Sahib recension, completed by Guru Gobind Singh)

Devotional poetry-scripture, organized by raga (musical mode) · Sikhism / Sant tradition / North Indian bhakti-Sufi synthesis

Ek Onkar — One God beyond all images; devotion to the Name (Naam) as the path of liberation

60% sikhism 15% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 10% advaita-vedanta 10% islamic-philosophy-falsafa +1

#416

The Avesta

Zarathustra (the Gathas, the oldest stratum); subsequent priestly tradition (the remainder, composed across c. 1500 BCE – 600 CE) · Gathas: c. 1500–1000 BCE; remainder accreted through the Sassanid period and codified c. 4th–6th century CE

Liturgical and didactic corpus: hymns, prayers, ritual instructions, cosmological treatises · Zoroastrianism / ancient Iranian religion

Asha (truth-cosmic-order) vs Druj (lie-chaos) — the cosmic moral dualism that founds Western ethical monotheism

60% zoroastrianism 20% manichaeism 10% evangelical-protestantism 10% islamic-philosophy-falsafa +1

#417

The Book of Mormon

Joseph Smith (translated, on his own account, from golden plates inscribed by ancient American prophets and revealed by the angel Moroni; on the academic-historical account, composed by Smith between 1828 and 1830) · 1827–1830 (translated/dictated); 1830 (first published, Palmyra, New York)

Scriptural narrative (purported ancient American religious-historical record) · Restorationist Christianity / Latter-day Saint movement

The restored scripture of the ancient American peoples — proof of continuing revelation and the Restoration of the original Church

60% lds-latter-day-saint 20% evangelical-protestantism 10% transhumanism-posthumanism -15% reformed-calvinist-theology +1

#418

The Kephalaia

Manichaean disciples / compilers, drawing on Mani's teaching (5th century CE Coptic redaction of late 3rd-century material) · Material from c. 240–280 CE; Coptic redaction c. 350–450 CE

Systematic doctrinal compilation in chapter-by-chapter expository form · Manichaeism

The systematic catechetical statement of Manichaean cosmology, anthropology, and ethics

55% manichaeism 25% zoroastrianism 10% evangelical-protestantism 10% buddhism +1

#419

The Odu Ifá Corpus

Anonymous / composite — the babaláwo (Ifá priest) tradition across centuries; the corpus is principally oral but partially transcribed and translated since the 19th century · Pre-literate origins (possibly Old Oyo era, c. 12th-16th century CE); ongoing oral tradition; partial transcription from the 19th century onward

Oral-divinatory corpus: 256 odu (signs), each with associated ese (verses), proverbs, narratives, ritual prescriptions · Yoruba religion / Ifá divination

The 256 odu of Ifá — the divinatory-religious corpus that organizes Yoruba and Yoruba-diaspora religious life

60% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 20% animism-relational-indigenous 10% afrofuturism 10% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology +1

#420

Church Dogmatics (Mid)

Karl Barth · 1932-67 (14 volumes, unfinished)

Systematic theology · Reformed-Protestant dialectical theology

Barth's unfinished 14-volume systematic theology — the major 20th-century Protestant dogmatics

30% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% liberal-theology 10% lutheranism 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% catholic-thomistic 10% christian-existentialism 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% idealism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% process-theology +7