☩ Ecclesiology & Worship · Polity

Reformed-Episcopal

Retains bishops over presbyters as a third order of ministry while affirming the Reformed doctrine — the Anglican settlement Westminster displaced.

This is a contested or rejected alternative.

The Westminster baseline on Polity is Presbyterian-Jure-Divino. Personas and schools listed below hold this alternative position instead — either because they argued for it at the Assembly (like the Erastians on polity) or because they represent a receiving tradition that departed from the Standards on this point.

Who holds this position

Schools (1)

The Reformed Episcopal Absentees

Personas (12)

Daniel Featley 1582–1645 Joseph Hall 1574–1656 Ralph Brownrig 1592–1659 Thomas Westfield 1573–1644 Robert Sanderson 1587–1663 Henry Hammond 1605–1660 Thomas Fuller 1608–1661 Walter Balcanqual c. 1586–1645 George Morley 1598–1684 Brian Walton 1600–1661 John Cosin 1594–1672 John Williams 1582–1650

Cruxes on this attribute

The Assembly navigated 2 cruxes that bear directly on Polity.

The Grand Debate over Polity October 1644 – January 1646 Presbyterian or Independent: who exercises the keys of the kingdom? The Erastian Question July 1645 – November 1645 Does ecclesiastical jurisdiction belong to the church or to the civil magistrate?

Other positions on Polity

Presbyterian-Jure-Divino WCF Christ has instituted a graded series of presbyterial assemblies (session, presbytery, synod, general assembly) by divine right (Form of Government 1645; WCF XXX–XXXI) — the Scottish reading. Independent-Congregational Christ has given the keys to the local congregation under its officers; synods are advisory — the Dissenting Brethren's reading, accommodated by but not affirmed in the Standards. Erastian Civil magistrate is the ultimate ecclesiastical authority — Selden's and Lightfoot's Assembly position, rejected by WCF XXX.1.