School #35

Nihilism

Nietzsche, Schopenhauer (precursors); Ivan Turgenev (term)

Nihilism holds that reality has no inherent meaning, purpose, structure, or knowable properties. In its strongest form, it denies that objective truths, values, or entities exist. Metaphysical nihilism denies that anything exists; epistemological nihilism denies that anything can be known; moral nihilism denies that any values are real.

I. Time

Extent Both
Ontological Status Relational
Grain Continuous
Freedom Non-Deterministic
Traversability Linear
Dimensionality N
Direction Non-directional

Time is relational and either finite or infinite — the nihilist is indifferent to the distinction, since neither option confers meaning. Time is continuous, linear, and non-directional: it flows, but toward nothing. There is no telos, no progress, no redemption in time — only the mechanical succession of events in an indifferent universe.

II. Space

Extent Both
Ontological Status Relational
Curvature Undefined
Dimensionality N
Locality Non-local

Space is relational and either finite or infinite — its extent is irrelevant since neither vastness nor smallness yields meaning. Its curvature is undefined because the nihilist denies that any spatial description carries metaphysical weight. Space is non-local in the sense that no place is privileged or significant.

III. Matter

Extent Both
Ontological Status Relational
Conservation Conserved
Dimensionality N
Locality Non-local

Matter is relational and either finite or infinite — it exists in the minimal physical sense, but its existence carries no inherent significance. Conservation holds as a physical regularity without any deeper justification. Matter is non-local in significance: no configuration of matter is more meaningful than any other.

IV. Observer

Time Instance Single
Space Instance Single
Extent of Knowledge Immediate
Retainment of Knowledge Immediate
Physicality Embodied
Agency Passive
Number Plural
Time Instance: Single — the observer is bound to the present, confronting a reality devoid of inherent meaning
Space Instance: Single — the observer occupies one location in an indifferent universe
Extent of Knowledge: Immediate — knowledge is impossible in principle (epistemological nihilism); or if possible, it reveals only a meaningless void
Retainment of Knowledge: Immediate — there is nothing worth retaining; knowledge accumulation presupposes meaning that nihilism denies
Physicality: Embodied — the observer is a physical organism; the body is real in the minimal sense, but its existence carries no significance
Agency: Passive — observation does not constitute or alter reality; the observer is an accident in an indifferent universe
Consciousness: Present — consciousness is an accidental feature of a meaningless physical process; it confers no special status on the observer
Number: Plural — other observers exist, but their existence carries no more meaning than one's own

V. Energy

Extent Finite
Ontological Status Substantival
Conservation Conserved
Dispersibility Irreversible

Pre-existing and finite — energy exists in the physical sense but has no inherent significance or purpose. Conservation: Conserved according to physical laws that themselves have no ultimate justification or meaning. Usage: Once — entropy ensures that usable energy dissipates toward a heat death in which all processes cease; the fitting conclusion of a purposeless universe.

VI. Information

Ontological Status Emergent
Conservation Non-conserved
Granularity Continuous

Information has no intrinsic meaning or value — it is a human projection onto an indifferent cosmos. The nihilist denies that any information is inherently significant. Information is emergent only in the weak sense that patterns exist, but they carry no weight. It is non-conserved because without meaning, preservation is irrelevant. It is continuous because there is no meaningful unit of information — just undifferentiated noise.

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