Buddhism

Time is emergent and infinite — it is not a substance but a conceptual designation applied to the arising and ceasing of dependently originated phenomena. Cyclical time (samsara) extends without beginning through endless rounds of birth, death, and rebirth. Time is continuous and uni-directional in ordinary experience, but liberation (nirvana) is the cessation of conditioned temporal becoming.

Space is emergent and infinite — it is one of the six elements (dhatus) but has no inherent, independent existence. It is merely the absence of obstruction. Space is undefined in curvature because Buddhism does not attribute fixed geometric properties to it. Locality is local: beings are situated in particular spatial contexts, though advanced meditative states may transcend ordinary spatial perception.

Matter is emergent — it is rupa (form/materiality), one of the five aggregates (skandhas), arising through dependent origination. Matter is impermanent (anicca) and without self-nature (anatta). It is conserved at the conventional level in the sense that material elements reconfigure but do not vanish, yet ultimately, matter, like all conditioned phenomena, is empty (sunyata) of inherent existence.

Finite and emerging — vital and mental energies are dependently arisen and impermanent. Conservation: Non-conserved — energies arise and pass away; in liberation, the cycle of arising ceases entirely. Usage: Once — each moment of conscious energy is unique and unrepeatable; clinging to it perpetuates suffering.

Information is dependently originated — no informational unit has inherent existence. All information arises through relations and conditions, and passes away when those conditions change.