School #38

Analytic Metaphysics / Logical Atomism

Russell, Wittgenstein (early), Quine

Logical Atomism (Bertrand Russell, early Wittgenstein) holds that the world consists of logically independent atomic facts, mirrored in the elementary propositions of an ideal logical language. Quine's naturalistic analytic metaphysics continues this tradition: ontology is continuous with science, the basic entities are whatever scientific theory is quantified over, and philosophy's task is logical analysis and ontological economy.

I. Time

Extent Infinite
Ontological Status Substantival
Grain Continuous
Freedom Deterministic
Traversability Linear
Dimensionality One
Direction Uni-directional

Time is substantival and infinite — a real dimension of the world that is logically analyzable into discrete atomic temporal facts. Time is continuous, linear, deterministic, and uni-directional. The logical atomist treats temporal propositions as straightforwardly true or false, rejecting metaphysical obscurity about time's nature.

II. Space

Extent Infinite
Ontological Status Substantival
Curvature Flat
Dimensionality Three
Locality Local

Space is substantival, infinite, and flat — an objective, logically analyzable dimension of the world. It is local and three-dimensional: spatial facts are atomic and logically independent. The analytic philosopher treats spatial concepts with the same precision and clarity as logical notation.

III. Matter

Extent Finite
Ontological Status Substantival
Conservation Conserved
Dimensionality Three
Locality Local

Matter is substantival, finite, and locally situated — it consists of whatever entities our best scientific theories quantify over. Matter is conserved through natural law and logically analyzable into atomic material facts. The analytic metaphysician defers to physics for the inventory of material reality while insisting on logical clarity in the description.

IV. Observer

Time Instance Single
Space Instance Single
Extent of Knowledge Immediate
Retainment of Knowledge Total
Physicality Embodied
Agency Passive
Number Plural
Time Instance: Single — the observer is located at one point in a determinate temporal order; logical analysis describes reality as it is from a fixed vantage point
Space Instance: Single — the observer occupies one location; the world is analyzed from a particular spatio-temporal standpoint
Extent of Knowledge: Immediate — only logically tractable, empirically verifiable propositions constitute genuine knowledge; metaphysical claims beyond logical analysis are meaningless
Retainment of Knowledge: Total — knowledge accumulates through the logical analysis of language and the progressive refinement of scientific theories
Physicality: Embodied — the observer is a physical being whose epistemic access to the world is through sensory experience and logical inference
Agency: Passive — the role of analysis is description, not constitution; the world is what it is independently of the logician's analysis
Consciousness: Present — the observer is conscious, though consciousness itself is analyzed in physical or functional terms
Number: Plural — inter-subjective verification through shared logical and scientific standards is the hallmark of genuine knowledge

V. Energy

Extent Finite
Ontological Status Substantival
Conservation Conserved
Dispersibility Irreversible

Energy is substantival and finite — a real, scientifically measurable quantity. Conservation holds as one of the best-confirmed empirical regularities. Dispersibility is irreversible, a straightforward physical fact amenable to clear logical analysis.

VI. Information

Ontological Status Substantival
Conservation Conserved
Granularity Discrete

Logical atoms are the fundamental units of information — reality is composed of atomic facts, each a discrete, irreducible unit of informational content. Information is substantival because these atomic facts are real features of the world. It is conserved because logical truths are necessary and cannot be destroyed. It is discrete because logical atomism insists on a fundamental level of indivisible informational units (atomic propositions).

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