Works

#135 · 1879–1880 (serialised in The Russian Messenger)

Dostoevsky's 1875 novel 'The Adolescent' — fatherhood, money, and the search for an 'idea'

Russian realism / philosophical fiction / Orthodox Christianity 1

The Brothers Karamazov (Late)

Fyodor Dostoevsky

If God does not exist, everything is permitted — and the great theological-philosophical novel that takes the question with full seriousness

Russian realism / Russian-Orthodox slavophile journalism / nineteenth-century periodical literature 1

#1574 · 1873-1881

A Writer's Diary (Late)

#240 · 1866 (serialised in The Russian Messenger)

Dostoevsky's 1873-1881 'A Writer's Diary' — journalism, polemic, and short fiction across nearly a decade

Russian realist novel / philosophical-psychological fiction 1

Crime and Punishment (Mid (the first of Dostoevsky's great late novels))

#242 · 1868-69 (serialised in The Russian Messenger)

Raskolnikov's axe-murder and his slow psychological-spiritual reckoning — Dostoevsky's 1866 novel that opens the great late period

Russian realist novel / philosophical-religious fiction 1

The Idiot (Mid (after Crime and Punishment, before Demons and Karamazov))

#771 · 1903 (composed); 1904 (premiered at the Moscow Art Theatre)

Prince Myshkin, the "positively good man" — Dostoevsky's attempt to portray Christian goodness in fallen Russian society

Russian realist-modernist drama 1

The Cherry Orchard (Late)

Anton Chekhov

Chekhov's 1904 final play — the passing of the Russian gentry and the felling of the cherry orchard

Russian religious philosophy 1

#1081 · 1916 (Smysl tvorchestva)

The Meaning of the Creative Act (Early-mature)

Humanity's creative response to God — Berdyaev's founding statement of his philosophy of creativity

Russian religious philosophy (Silver Age precursor) 1

#607 · 1897

The Justification of the Good (Opravdanie dobra) (Late)

#1080 · 1939 (in Russian; English 1944)

Solovyov's 1897 foundational Russian moral-religious philosophy — Godmanhood and the good

Russian religious philosophy / Christian existentialism 1

Slavery and Freedom (Late-mature)

Berdyaev's 1939 systematic philosophical statement on the many forms of human slavery and authentic spiritual freedom

Russian religious philosophy / Orthodox apocalyptic / late-Solovyov 1

#1674 · 1900

Three Conversations (Final (year of death))

#1613 · 1947 (Russian original 1941, Paris)

Solovyov's 1900 final 'Tri razgovora' — three dialogues on war, progress, and the end of history, with the 'Tale of the Antichrist'

Russian religious philosophy / personalist existentialism / eschatological metaphysics 1

The Beginning and the End (Late)

#1614 · 1949 (posthumous; written through the 1940s)

Berdyaev's 1947 'Beginning and the End' — eschatological metaphysics of creative freedom

Russian religious philosophy / personalist existentialism / philosophical autobiography 1

Self-Knowledge (Posthumous)

#1612 · 1937 (in English; Russian 'Istoki i smysl russkogo kommunizma' 1955)

Berdyaev's 1949 posthumous 'Self-Knowledge' — philosophical autobiography of one of the major twentieth-century Russian religious thinkers

Russian religious philosophy / personalist existentialism / philosophy of history 1

The Origin of Russian Communism (Late)

Berdyaev's 1937 'Origin of Russian Communism' — Russian communism as continuation of Russian religious-messianic tradition

Russian religious philosophy / Philosophy of love 1

#1242 · 1892-94

The Meaning of Love (Late)

Solovyov's 1892-94 essays on love — erotic love as proper-philosophical-spiritual path

Russian religious philosophy / Slavophile-influenced tradition 1

#1240 · 1874

The Crisis of Western Philosophy (Early)

#1241 · 1878-81 (lectures), 1881-84 (published)

Solovyov's 1874 master's thesis — critique of Western abstract-rationalist philosophy from Russian religious-philosophical standpoint

Russian religious philosophy / Sophiology 1

Lectures on Divine Humanity (Mid)

Solovyov's 1878-81 St. Petersburg lectures — divine humanity (Bogochelovechestvo) as integrating philosophical-religious framework

Russian religious-philosophical tradition / Christian anarchism 2

#1155 · 1880-82

A Confession (Mid)

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

Tolstoy's 1882 spiritual autobiography — the religious-philosophical crisis at age 50 that drove his later Christian-anarchist work

#1156 · 1883-84

What I Believe (Mid)

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

Tolstoy's 1884 systematic exposition — the Sermon on the Mount as the proper foundation of Christian life

Saganian science popularisation / philosophical science fiction / SETI-naturalist humanism 1

#1646 · 1985

Contact (Late)

#74 · c. 4th–5th century AD

Sagan's 1985 'Contact' — first scientifically rigorous SETI-contact novel; the science-religion dialogue dramatised

Samkhya darshana (Hindu orthodox philosophy) 1

#1751 · c. 350 CE

Samkhyakarika

Ishvarakrishna

The oldest surviving Samkhya text — the dualism of purusha (consciousness) and prakriti (matter-nature) in 72 systematic verses

Sarvāstivāda Buddhism / Abhidharma 1

Abhidharmakośa

Vasubandhu

The systematic catalogue of dharmas — moments of experience as the irreducible elements of reality

Scholasticism / Catholic-Thomistic / Medieval Benedictine 2

#1225 · 1080-86

De Veritate (On Truth) (Mid)

Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm's c.1080-86 dialogue — the nature of truth as rectitude

#1226 · 1080-86

De Casu Diaboli (On the Fall of the Devil) (Mid)

Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm's c.1080-86 dialogue — the angelic fall and the will-and-grace problem

Scholasticism / Catholic-Thomistic / Medieval-Benedictine / East-West theological controversy 1

#1227 · 1102

De Processione Spiritus Sancti (On the Procession of the Holy Spirit) (Late)

Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm's 1102 treatise — Latin-Western defence of the filioque against the Greek Orthodox position

Scholasticism / Late-medieval nominalism / Franciscan tradition 3

#1178 · c. 1317-1319 (Oxford lectures)

Commentary on the Sentences (Early)

Ockham's c.1317-19 Oxford lectures on the Sentences — foundational systematic theological text

#1176 · c. 1321-24

Treatise on Predestination, Foreknowledge, and Future Contingents (Mature)

Ockham's c.1321-24 treatise — divine foreknowledge and creaturely freedom; the foundational late-medieval treatment

#1175 · c. 1322-1325

Quodlibetal Questions (Mature)

Ockham's c.1322-25 Quodlibeta — seven sets of disputed questions on the major topics of philosophy and theology

Scholasticism / Late-medieval political philosophy / Franciscan tradition 1

#1177 · c. 1334-1346

Dialogue on the Power of the Pope and the Emperor (Late)

#1261 · c. 1300 (German treatise)

Ockham's c.1334-46 massive political dialogue — late-medieval church-state and Franciscan-poverty controversies

Scholasticism / Rhenish-Christian mysticism / Dominican spiritual tradition 1

Vom Abgeschiedenheit (On Detachment) (Mature)

#1263 · c. 1305-25 (mature period)

Eckhart's c.1300 treatise — detachment (Abgeschiedenheit) as the highest virtue

Scholasticism / Rhenish-Christian mysticism / Dominican tradition 3

Commentary on Genesis (Mature)

#1264 · c. 1305-25 (mature period)

Eckhart's Latin commentary on Genesis — major scholastic-mystical creation-theology

Commentary on Wisdom (Mature)

#1262 · c. 1313-26 (Paris and Cologne periods)

Eckhart's Latin commentary on Wisdom — divine Wisdom (Sapientia) as proper-philosophical-religious topic

Commentary on John (Mature)

#1112 · 2013 (French), 2013 (English)

Eckhart's Latin commentary on John — major scholastic-mystical work

Science and technology studies / Actor-network theory 1

#1111 · 1987

Science in Action (Mid)

Bruno Latour

Latour's 1987 methodological textbook — "follow the actors" through science and technology in the making

Science and technology studies / Actor-network theory (proto-) 1

#1110 · 1979

Laboratory Life (Early)

Bruno Latour

Latour and Woolgar's 1979 ethnography of the Salk laboratory — scientific facts as the trace-residue of social-material practice

Science and technology studies / Feminist science studies 1

#1106 · 1989

Primate Visions (Mid)

Donna Haraway

Haraway's 1989 study of twentieth-century primatology as racial-gendered narrative production

Science and technology studies / Feminist science studies / Cyborg feminism 1

#1107 · 1991

Simians, Cyborgs, and Women (Mid)

Donna Haraway

Haraway's 1991 essay collection gathering the canonical "A Cyborg Manifesto" and "Situated Knowledges"

Science and technology studies / Feminist technoscience studies 1

#1108 · 1997

Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium.FemaleMan©_Meets_OncoMouse™ (Late)

Donna Haraway

Haraway's 1997 study of late-twentieth-century technoscience — FemaleMan and OncoMouse as figures of corporate-cultural production

Science and technology studies / Modes-of-existence pluralism 1

An Inquiry into Modes of Existence (Late)

Bruno Latour

Latour's 2013 anthropological-philosophical synthesis — the multiple modes of existence of the moderns

Scientific naturalism / Neo-Darwinian synthesis 3

#1233 · 1982

The Extended Phenotype (Mid)

Dawkins's 1982 extension of the gene's-eye-view — the phenotype as extending beyond the organismic body

#1232 · 1986

The Blind Watchmaker (Mid)

#1235 · 2004 (1st ed.), 2016 (2nd ed. with Yan Wong)

Dawkins's 1986 popular-evolutionary work — natural selection as proper alternative to design argument

The Ancestor's Tale (Late)

Dawkins's 2004 evolutionary-pilgrimage — backward from contemporary humans through forty rendezvous to the origin of life

Scientific naturalism / New Atheism 1

#1234 · 2006

The God Delusion (Late)

#1393 · 2018 (posthumous)

Dawkins's 2006 anti-theistic-religious treatise — major New-Atheist text

Scientific naturalism / Popular physics 3

#1391 · 2001

The Universe in a Nutshell (Mid)

Stephen Hawking

Hawking's 2001 popular-physics sequel to Brief History of Time

#1392 · 2010

The Grand Design (Late)

Stephen Hawking

Hawking and Mlodinow 2010 — controversial M-theory cosmology

Brief Answers to the Big Questions (Late)

Stephen Hawking

Hawking's 2018 posthumous final essays

Scientific naturalism / Twentieth-century popular science 4

#1197 · 1977

The Dragons of Eden (Mid)

Sagan's 1977 Pulitzer-winning study of human cognitive evolution

#1195 · 1980

Cosmos (Mid)

Sagan's 1980 popular cosmology — book companion to the PBS television series that defined late-twentieth-century scientific popularisation

#1196 · 1994

Pale Blue Dot (Late)

Sagan's 1994 reflection on the Voyager 1 photograph of Earth as a pale blue dot — humanity's cosmic position

#1198 · 1995

The Demon-Haunted World (Late)

#1598 · 1741-1742 (revised and expanded through 1777)

Sagan's 1995 defence of scientific rationality against pseudoscience — the "candle in the dark" of disciplined inquiry

Scottish common-sense philosophy 1

#504 · 1785

Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (Late)

Thomas Reid

Reid's 1785 foundational Scottish "common sense" philosophy — direct realist response to Hume

Scottish Enlightenment / British empiricism / political economy / philosophy of politics 1

Essays, Moral and Political (Middle)

David Hume

Hume's 1741-42 'Essays, Moral and Political' — his first major essay-form intervention in public-philosophical writing

Scottish Enlightenment / classical political economy 1

#53 · 1776 (first ed.); five revised editions in Smith's lifetime

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Late)

#158 · 1759 (1st edition); 1790 (6th and definitive edition with substantial additions)

The division of labour, the invisible hand, and the wealth of nations grounded in productive labour rather than gold

Scottish Enlightenment / moral sentimentalism 1

The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Early-to-late (he revised it throughout his life))

#1590 · 1762-1764 (student-note reconstructions)

How sympathy and the impartial spectator construct moral judgment — the moral-philosophical foundation underneath the economics of The Wealth of Nations

Scottish Enlightenment / natural jurisprudence / political economy 1

Lectures on Jurisprudence (Middle)

#1599 · 1754-1761 (6 volumes, composed reverse-chronologically)

Smith's 1762-64 Glasgow lectures on jurisprudence — the missing systematic-philosophical link between Theory of Moral Sentiments and Wealth of Nations

Scottish Enlightenment / philosophical history / British political-historical writing 1

The History of England (Late)

David Hume

Hume's 1754-61 'History of England' — the bestselling history of the eighteenth century

Scottish Enlightenment / philosophy of religion 1

#142 · 1757 (Four Dissertations)

The Natural History of Religion (Late)

David Hume

Religion arose not from rational argument but from fear of natural events — and polytheism, not monotheism, is the natural human starting-point

Scottish Enlightenment / philosophy of science / history of philosophy 1

#1591 · c. 1750s-1770s composition; 1795 posthumous publication

Essays on Philosophical Subjects (Posthumous)

Dio Chrysostom (Dio of Prusa)

Smith's 1795 posthumous essays — including the early History of Astronomy, a major philosophy-of-science work

Second Sophistic; Stoic-Cynic popular philosophy 1

#1818 · c. 70–115 CE

Discourses (Orations)

Eighty orations from the golden-mouthed wandering sage — kingship, cosmology, the simple life, and philosophy as civic duty

Secular mindfulness / Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction 1

#703 · 1990 (revised 2013)

Full Catastrophe Living (Late)

Jon Kabat-Zinn

Kabat-Zinn's 1990 foundational text — Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and secular mindfulness

Seventeenth-century English Reformed theology 1

#855 · 1646 (Confession); 1648 (Larger and Shorter Catechisms)

Westminster Confession of Faith (Mid)

Westminster Assembly

The 1646 Westminster Confession — Reformed confessional standard of English-speaking Presbyterianism

Shingon (True Word) esoteric Buddhism 1

#1777 · c. 817 CE

Attaining Enlightenment in This Very Existence

Kukai (Kobo Daishi)

This very body becomes Buddha — through the Three Mysteries of body, speech, and mind, the practitioner is identical with Mahavairocana

Sikhism 2

#999 · c. 1499-1539 (during Nānak's later teaching years; the morning prayer is one of his foundational compositions)

Japji Sahib (Mature (Nānak's foundational devotional composition))

#1000 · c. 1500-1539 (Nānak's mature teaching years; included in the Guru Granth Sahib 1604)

There is one God, the eternal truth — Ik Onkar Sat Nam — known by direct devotional remembrance rather than by ritual or priestly mediation

Asa Di Var (Mature)

A morning ballad in Asa raga — Nānak's extended devotional-philosophical reflection on God, creation, humility, and the ethical life

Sikhism / Khalsa tradition 4

#1255 · 1705

Zafarnama (Mature)

Guru Gobind Singh's 1705 Persian letter to Aurangzeb — major political-religious document

#1253 · c. 1696-1708

Dasam Granth (Mature)

Guru Gobind Singh's c.1696-1708 composite text — major Sikh scripture alongside the Guru Granth Sahib

#1254 · c. 1696-1708

Jaap Sahib (Mature)

Guru Gobind Singh's morning-prayer composition — 199 verses on the Timeless One

#1256 · c. 1696-1708

Akal Ustat (Mature)

#1454 · 1521 (response to Babur's invasion)

Guru Gobind Singh's 271-verse praise of the Timeless One — major Dasam Granth composition

Sikhism / Sant tradition 2

Babar Vani (Mid)

Guru Nānak's 1521 prophetic-witness hymns on Babur's invasion

#1453 · c. 1500-1520

Sidh Gosht (Mid)

#1455 · c. sixteenth-eighteenth-century (Bhai Bala, Puratan, Miharban, Mani Singh recensions)

Guru Nānak's dialogue with the Siddhas — Adi Granth Sant exposition

Sikhism / Sant tradition / hagiography 1

Janamsakhi traditions (Post-Nānak transmission)