Works

#241

Notes from Underground (Mid (the transition into the great late period))

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky · 1864

Short novel in two parts · Russian existentialist-philosophical fiction

"I am a sick man... I am a spiteful man" — Dostoevsky's 1864 narrative of the Underground Man, often called the first existentialist novel

30% existentialism 15% christian-existentialism 15% nihilism 10% absurdism 10% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism +4

#242

The Idiot (Mid (after Crime and Punishment, before Demons and Karamazov))

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky · 1868-69 (serialised in The Russian Messenger)

Novel in four parts · Russian realist novel / philosophical-religious fiction

Prince Myshkin, the "positively good man" — Dostoevsky's attempt to portray Christian goodness in fallen Russian society

25% eastern-orthodox-christianity 20% christian-existentialism 10% christian-personalism 10% absurdism 10% realism 5% liberation-theology 5% liberal-theology 10% existentialism 5% pragmatic-realism +6

#243

Demons (Mid-late (the third of the four great novels))

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky · 1871-72 (based partly on the 1869 Nechayev affair)

Novel in three parts · Russian political-philosophical fiction

Stavrogin, Verkhovensky, Kirillov — Dostoevsky's 1872 prophetic critique of nineteenth-century Russian revolutionary nihilism

25% eastern-orthodox-christianity 15% nihilism 15% christian-existentialism 5% liberation-theology 10% realism 10% absurdism 10% existentialism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% pragmatic-realism +6

#244

The Fall (Late (Camus's last completed novel; the Nobel followed in 1957))

Albert Camus · 1956

Short novel as extended monologue · French existentialist literature

Jean-Baptiste Clamence's confession-monologue in an Amsterdam bar — Camus's 1956 dissection of bourgeois moral self-deception

25% absurdism 20% existentialism 10% christian-existentialism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% nihilism 5% phenomenology 5% liberal-theology 5% liberation-theology +6

#245

Moral Man and Immoral Society (Early-mid (Niebuhr's breakthrough book that established Christian realism))

Reinhold Niebuhr · 1932

Theological-political treatise in ten chapters · American Christian realism / Protestant social ethics

Individual moral capacity vs collective moral failure — Niebuhr's 1932 book that established Christian realism against liberal Protestant optimism

20% reformed-calvinist-theology 15% liberal-theology 20% pragmatic-realism 15% realism 5% evangelical-protestantism 10% christian-existentialism 10% dialectical-materialism 5% liberation-theology 8% neo-orthodoxy +6

#246

The Irony of American History (Late (Niebuhr's major Cold War political-theological book))

Reinhold Niebuhr · 1952

Theological-political essay in eight chapters · American Christian realism / political theology

The "ironic" structure of American national self-understanding — Niebuhr's 1952 Christian-realist analysis of Cold War American politics

25% pragmatic-realism 15% reformed-calvinist-theology 15% realism 10% liberal-theology 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% christian-existentialism 5% liberation-theology 5% dialectical-materialism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% process-philosophy 8% neo-orthodoxy +8

#247

Lectures on the Philosophy of History (Late (Berlin lectures of the 1820s, his mature mature))

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · 1822-31 (delivered as lectures); 1837 (compiled and published posthumously by Eduard Gans)

Posthumous lecture series compiled from notes · German idealism / philosophy of history

World history as the progress of the consciousness of freedom — Hegel's posthumous lectures organising the historical-cultural process under the dialectical-idealist framework

30% idealism 20% dialectical-materialism 15% rationalism 10% process-philosophy 10% liberal-theology 5% lutheranism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% liberation-theology 8% hegelianism +6

#248

Lectures on Aesthetics (Late (Berlin lectures))

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · 1820s (delivered as lectures); 1835-38 (compiled and published posthumously by H. G. Hotho)

Posthumous lectures in three volumes · German idealist philosophy of art

Art as the sensible manifestation of the Idea — Hegel's posthumous three-volume systematic philosophy of art

35% idealism 15% rationalism 10% platonism-classical 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 10% process-philosophy 5% liberal-theology 5% realism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% postmodernism 8% hegelianism +7

#249

Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences (Mature (the most comprehensive single-text statement of the system))

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · 1817 (1st edition); 1827 (2nd edition); 1830 (3rd and definitive edition, in three volumes)

Systematic philosophical encyclopaedia in three volumes · German absolute idealism

Hegel's entire philosophical system in one organised text — Logic, Philosophy of Nature, Philosophy of Spirit

35% idealism 20% rationalism 15% process-philosophy 10% dialectical-materialism 5% naturalism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% liberal-theology 5% lutheranism 8% hegelianism +6

#250

Madness and Civilization (Early (Foucault's breakthrough work, his doctoral dissertation))

Michel Foucault · 1961 (Foucault's doctoral dissertation)

Historical-philosophical study · French postmodernism / Foucauldian archaeology

The history of madness in the classical age — Foucault's 1961 doctoral dissertation that opened his career-long project

25% postmodernism 10% structuralism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% phenomenology 15% constructivism 5% naturalism 5% liberation-theology 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% existentialism 5% realism 8% continental-philosophy 8% post-structuralism +9

#251

The Birth of the Clinic (Early-mid (between Madness and Civilization and The Order of Things))

Michel Foucault · 1963

Historical-philosophical study in ten chapters · French postmodernism / Foucauldian archaeology

The emergence of modern medical perception — Foucault's 1963 archaeology of the "medical gaze" and the modern clinic

25% postmodernism 10% structuralism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% phenomenology 15% constructivism 5% naturalism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% liberation-theology 10% realism 8% continental-philosophy 8% post-structuralism +8

#252

The Archaeology of Knowledge (Mid (methodological transition between archaeological and genealogical phases))

Michel Foucault · 1969

Methodological-philosophical treatise · French postmodernism / philosophy of historical method

The methodological reflection on Foucault's archaeological method — discursive formations, statements, the "positive unconscious" of knowledge

30% postmodernism 15% structuralism 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% pragmatic-realism 10% constructivism 5% phenomenology 5% rationalism 5% realism 5% naturalism 8% continental-philosophy 8% post-structuralism +8

#253

Scivias (Early (the first of her three major visionary works))

Hildegard of Bingen · 1141-51 (composed in the decade after Hildegard's call to write, ten years after entering the monastic life)

Visionary theological treatise in three books, with twenty-six visions · Medieval German Christian mysticism / Rhineland visionary tradition

Twenty-six visions of the divine — Hildegard's 1141-51 founding work of medieval German visionary theology

25% catholic-thomistic 15% neo-platonism 10% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% deep-ecology 10% platonism-classical 5% liberation-theology 10% liberal-theology 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% hylomorphism +8

#254

Liber Divinorum Operum (Late (the culmination of her visionary trilogy))

Hildegard of Bingen · 1163-73 (composed in the last decade of Hildegard's life, after the Scivias and the Liber Vitae Meritorum)

Visionary cosmological-theological treatise in three parts, with ten visions · Medieval German Christian mysticism / cosmological-theological synthesis

The "Cosmic Man" — Hildegard's late cosmological-theological synthesis integrating creation, anthropology, and divine providence

20% catholic-thomistic 20% neo-platonism 15% deep-ecology 10% animism-relational-indigenous 10% process-philosophy 10% process-theology 5% liberal-theology 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% platonism-classical +6

#255

On Christian Doctrine (Mid-late (composed across three decades))

Augustine of Hippo · 397 (Books 1-3.25); 426-27 (Books 3.25-4, completed near the end of Augustine's life)

Theological-rhetorical treatise in four books · Latin patristic theology / Christian biblical interpretation

The reading and preaching of Scripture — Augustine's comprehensive treatise on Christian biblical interpretation and rhetorical communication

25% catholic-thomistic 15% evangelical-protestantism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% neo-platonism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% platonism-classical 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% liberal-theology 5% phenomenology 5% pragmatic-realism 8% augustinianism +8

#256

Principles of Political Economy (Mid (Mill's major economic work))

John Stuart Mill · 1848 (1st edition); revised through 1871 (7th edition)

Systematic economic-philosophical treatise in five books · Classical political economy / utilitarianism

The major nineteenth-century English political economy — Mill's 1848 synthesis of classical economic theory with progressive social-political philosophy

20% pragmatic-realism 15% empiricism 10% liberal-theology 10% rationalism 15% dialectical-materialism 10% realism 5% liberation-theology 5% naturalism 5% process-philosophy 5% constructivism 8% classical-political-economy +8

#257

Philosophical Fragments (Mid (the same productive 1844 as Concept of Anxiety))

Søren Kierkegaard · 1844 (published under the pseudonym Johannes Climacus)

Short pseudonymous philosophical-theological treatise · Danish religious existentialism

Can a historical event be the starting point for eternal consciousness? — Kierkegaard's 1844 fragments developing the question that Concluding Unscientific Postscript will pursue at length

30% christian-existentialism 15% lutheranism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 15% existentialism 10% evangelical-protestantism 10% platonism-classical 5% rationalism 5% phenomenology +5

#258

Practice in Christianity (Late (the last major pseudonymous work; preceding the attack on the Danish state church))

Søren Kierkegaard · 1850 (published under the pseudonym Anti-Climacus)

Pseudonymous theological treatise in three parts · Danish religious existentialism

The practice of Christian discipleship — Kierkegaard's 1850 most demanding existential-theological work, the proximate prelude to his attack on the Danish state church

30% christian-existentialism 15% lutheranism 15% evangelical-protestantism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% liberation-theology 5% liberal-theology 5% phenomenology 10% existentialism 5% christian-personalism +6

#259

Repetition (Early-mid (the same explosive 1843 as Either/Or and Fear and Trembling))

Søren Kierkegaard · 1843 (published the same day as Fear and Trembling, under the pseudonym Constantin Constantius)

Short pseudonymous philosophical-literary work · Danish religious existentialism

Repetition as the modern category replacing Greek recollection — Kierkegaard's 1843 experimental short work on the structures of memory, freedom, and Christian temporality

25% christian-existentialism 15% phenomenology 15% platonism-classical 15% existentialism 10% process-philosophy 10% postmodernism 5% lutheranism 5% evangelical-protestantism +5

#260

A System of Logic (Early (Mill's first major book, the foundation of his philosophical reputation))

John Stuart Mill · 1843 (Mill's first major book); revised through 1872 (8th edition)

Systematic treatise on logic in six books · British empiricism / philosophy of science

The major nineteenth-century English logic — Mill's 1843 systematic treatise including the famous Methods of experimental inquiry

30% empiricism 15% naturalism 10% pragmatic-realism 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% realism 5% rationalism 5% logical-positivism 5% constructivism 5% process-philosophy 8% classical-political-economy +7

#261

Time and the Other (Early (the breakthrough early work, before Totality and Infinity))

Emmanuel Levinas · 1946-47 (delivered as four lectures at Collège philosophique); published 1948

Four lectures · French phenomenology / Jewish religious philosophy

Time, the Other, the asymmetry of the ethical relation — Levinas's 1948 lectures developing the foundational categories of his mature phenomenology

25% phenomenology 20% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 10% christian-personalism 10% existentialism 5% christian-existentialism 10% kabbalah-lurianic 5% postmodernism 5% process-philosophy 5% realism 5% liberation-theology +7

#262

Existence and Existents (Early (the first major book, before Time and the Other))

Emmanuel Levinas · 1935-46 (largely composed in a German prisoner-of-war camp); published 1947

Phenomenological-philosophical treatise · French phenomenology / Jewish religious philosophy

The phenomenology of existence as such — Levinas's 1947 first major book, developing the categories of fatigue, indolence, insomnia, and the il y a

30% phenomenology 15% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 15% existentialism 5% christian-existentialism 10% realism 5% postmodernism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% nihilism 5% christian-personalism 5% absurdism +7

#263

Difficult Freedom (Mid (alongside Totality and Infinity))

Emmanuel Levinas · 1963 (collecting essays from the 1950s-60s)

Collection of essays on Judaism · Twentieth-century Jewish religious philosophy

Essays on Judaism — Levinas's 1963 collection that develops the explicitly Jewish-religious dimension of his philosophical-ethical project

30% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 10% kabbalah-lurianic 10% phenomenology 10% liberal-theology 5% christian-personalism 10% existentialism 10% liberation-theology 5% realism 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% postmodernism +7

#264

Liber Vitae Meritorum (Mid (the middle volume of the visionary trilogy))

Hildegard of Bingen · 1158-63 (the middle work of the visionary trilogy, between Scivias and Liber Divinorum Operum)

Visionary moral-spiritual treatise in six parts, with thirty-five vices and thirty-five virtues · Medieval German Christian mysticism / spiritual psychology

Thirty-five vices and thirty-five virtues — Hildegard's middle visionary work, the systematic spiritual-moral treatise

25% catholic-thomistic 10% neo-platonism 10% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% stoicism 5% hylomorphism 5% platonism-classical 5% liberation-theology 10% liberal-theology 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 10% evangelical-protestantism +8

#265

The Imaginary (Early (preceding Being and Nothingness))

Jean-Paul Sartre · 1940

Phenomenological-psychological treatise · French phenomenology / philosophy of mind

The phenomenological psychology of imagination — Sartre's 1940 analysis of imaginative consciousness as the unique mode of consciousness

35% phenomenology 15% existentialism 10% analytic-metaphysics 5% rationalism 10% realism 5% naturalism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% idealism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% absurdism 8% continental-philosophy +8

#266

Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (Late (Berlin lectures))

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel · 1821-31 (delivered as lectures); 1832 (compiled and published posthumously)

Posthumous lecture series in three parts · German idealism / philosophy of religion

World religions arranged in the dialectical-developmental framework — Hegel's posthumous lectures on the philosophy of religion, culminating in "the consummate religion" of Christianity

30% idealism 20% liberal-theology 10% lutheranism 10% rationalism 10% dialectical-materialism 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% process-theology 5% catholic-thomistic 5% neo-platonism 8% hegelianism +7

#267

De Brevitate Vitae (Mid)

Lucius Annaeus Seneca · c. 49 AD

Short philosophical essay / dialogue · Roman Stoicism

"It is not that we have a short time to live, but that we waste a lot of it" — Seneca's short Stoic meditation on the proper use of time

40% stoicism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% platonism-classical 10% realism 5% naturalism 5% epicureanism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% christian-existentialism 5% absurdism +6

#268

De Providentia (Late)

Lucius Annaeus Seneca · c. 64 AD (late in Seneca's life, shortly before his forced suicide)

Short philosophical essay / dialogue · Roman Stoicism

Why bad things happen to good men — Seneca's late Stoic theodicy explaining suffering as the discipline of philosophical character

40% stoicism 10% naturalism 10% realism 10% catholic-thomistic 10% rationalism 5% platonism-classical 5% liberal-theology 5% christian-existentialism 5% pragmatic-realism +6

#269

Prior and Posterior Analytics

Aristotle · c. 350 BC (the core logical works of the Organon)

Two-part systematic treatise on logic · Classical Greek philosophy / Aristotelian logic

The systematic theory of syllogism (Prior) and demonstrative science (Posterior) — Aristotle's major logical works at the heart of the Organon

25% analytic-metaphysics 20% rationalism 15% realism 15% catholic-thomistic 10% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 5% hylomorphism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% platonism-classical +5

#270

On the Heavens

Aristotle · c. 350 BC

Cosmological treatise in four books · Classical Greek philosophy / Aristotelian cosmology

The geocentric cosmos — Aristotle's major cosmological treatise, the foundation of pre-Copernican Western cosmology

25% hylomorphism 15% realism 20% catholic-thomistic 10% rationalism 10% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 5% naturalism 10% platonism-classical 5% neo-platonism +5

#271

On Nature (Fragments)

Heraclitus of Ephesus · c. 500 BC (the fragments preserved through later authors' quotations)

Collected fragments of an originally lost work · Pre-Socratic Greek philosophy

Logos, flux, unity-of-opposites — Heraclitus's gnomic philosophical fragments, the founding statement of process-philosophical thinking

25% process-philosophy 15% stoicism 10% idealism 10% platonism-classical 10% taoism 10% naturalism 5% neo-platonism 10% dialectical-materialism 5% panpsychism +6

#272

Parisian Questions (Mid-late)

Meister Eckhart (Eckhart von Hochheim) · c. 1300-1326 (the scholastic-Latin works composed across Eckhart's academic career)

Scholastic disputations and treatises · Medieval German Christian mysticism / Dominican scholasticism

Eckhart's scholastic Latin works — the philosophical-systematic framework underlying his vernacular German sermons

20% catholic-thomistic 20% neo-platonism 10% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% platonism-classical 10% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 10% idealism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% rationalism 5% phenomenology 5% process-philosophy 8% christian-mysticism +8

#273

Discourse on Metaphysics (Mid (Leibniz's breakthrough philosophical statement))

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1686 (sent to Antoine Arnauld; not published in Leibniz's lifetime)

Short systematic philosophical treatise in 37 sections · Continental rationalism

Substances, the predicate-in-subject principle, the best of all possible worlds — Leibniz's 1686 short systematic statement of his philosophical framework

35% rationalism 15% idealism 10% realism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% lutheranism 5% catholic-thomistic 10% process-philosophy 5% panpsychism +5

#274

New Essays on Human Understanding (Late)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · 1704 (completed; Leibniz suppressed publication after Locke's 1704 death); 1765 (posthumous publication)

Philosophical dialogue mirroring Locke's Essay book by book · Continental rationalism

Leibniz's point-by-point response to Locke's Essay — the major continental-rationalist engagement with British empiricism

30% rationalism 15% idealism 15% empiricism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% realism 5% process-philosophy 5% phenomenology 5% panpsychism +6

#275

Praise of Folly (Mid (Erasmus's most widely read book))

Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam · 1509 (composed during a visit to Thomas More); 1511 (first published)

Satirical declamation by the personified Folly · Renaissance Christian humanism / Northern Renaissance reform

Folly's satirical declamation — Erasmus's 1511 brilliant critique of contemporary religious and intellectual hypocrisy, the major work of Renaissance Christian humanism

20% liberal-theology 15% catholic-thomistic 15% evangelical-protestantism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% platonism-classical 5% stoicism 5% realism 5% lutheranism 5% neo-platonism 5% absurdism 5% liberation-theology +8

#276

Adagia (Long (composed across Erasmus's entire mature career))

Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam · 1500 (1st edition, c. 800 adages); 1536 (final edition, c. 4,151 adages)

Collection of classical proverbs with extended commentaries · Renaissance Christian humanism

The classical-proverbial wisdom of the ancient world, collected and commented — Erasmus's 1500-1536 Adagia, the major Renaissance source for ancient wisdom

15% liberal-theology 15% stoicism 15% platonism-classical 10% catholic-thomistic 5% epicureanism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% realism 5% rationalism 5% neo-platonism 5% liberation-theology 5% pyrrhonism +9

#277

Psychological Types (Mid (the major systematic work after his 1912-13 break with Freud))

Carl Gustav Jung · 1921

Systematic psychological treatise · Depth psychology / analytical psychology

The eight psychological types — Jung's 1921 systematic statement of his theory of personality, including the introversion-extraversion distinction

10% analytic-metaphysics 15% phenomenology 15% naturalism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% platonism-classical 10% idealism 5% process-philosophy 5% rationalism 5% liberal-theology 5% constructivism +8

#278

Modern Man in Search of a Soul (Mid-late (mature systematic statement))

Carl Gustav Jung · 1933 (essay collection, English translation by Cary F. Baynes)

Collection of eleven essays · Depth psychology / analytical psychology

The mature accessible introduction to Jungian analytical psychology — depth psychology applied to the modern spiritual condition

15% naturalism 10% phenomenology 15% liberal-theology 10% pragmatic-realism 10% platonism-classical 5% realism 5% idealism 5% transcendentalism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% buddhism 10% taoism 5% panpsychism +9

#279

The Interpretation of Dreams (Early (the founding work of psychoanalysis))

Sigmund Freud · 1899 (dated 1900); revised through 1929 (8th edition)

Systematic psychological treatise in seven chapters · Depth psychology / psychoanalysis

"The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind" — Freud's 1900 founding work of psychoanalysis

20% naturalism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% pragmatic-realism 10% empiricism 10% phenomenology 10% realism 5% rationalism 5% postmodernism 10% structuralism 5% liberation-theology 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean +8

#280

Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (Early-mid (after the Interpretation of Dreams))

Sigmund Freud · 1905; revised through 1924

Three essays in psychoanalytic theory · Depth psychology / psychoanalysis

The infantile sexuality thesis, the polymorphously perverse, the Oedipus complex — Freud's 1905 founding work on psychosexual development

20% naturalism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% empiricism 10% realism 10% postmodernism 5% liberation-theology 5% analytic-metaphysics 10% phenomenology 5% rationalism 10% constructivism 5% structuralism +8

#281

Mrs Dalloway (Mid (the first major modernist novel of Woolf's maturity))

Virginia Woolf · 1925

Modernist novel · British modernism / stream-of-consciousness fiction

A single day in post-war London — Woolf's 1925 modernist masterpiece, the stream of consciousness shaping the form

20% phenomenology 15% existentialism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% absurdism 10% liberation-theology 10% realism 5% naturalism 10% process-philosophy 5% postmodernism 5% nihilism +7

#282

To the Lighthouse (Mid (Woolf at the height of her powers))

Virginia Woolf · 1927

Modernist novel in three parts · British modernism

The Window, Time Passes, The Lighthouse — Woolf's 1927 novel structured by the death and absence at its tripartite centre

20% phenomenology 15% process-philosophy 10% existentialism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% liberation-theology 10% realism 5% absurdism 5% naturalism 5% postmodernism 5% nihilism 5% transcendentalism +8

#283

Hamlet (Mid (mature middle period))

William Shakespeare · c. 1600-01

Tragedy in five acts · English Renaissance drama

"To be or not to be" — Shakespeare's c. 1600 tragedy, the longest and most-cited of his plays, the central work of English Renaissance drama

15% christian-existentialism 15% existentialism 10% absurdism 10% realism 10% phenomenology 10% catholic-thomistic 5% lutheranism 10% nihilism 5% stoicism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% postmodernism +8

#284

King Lear (Mid-late (the major tragedies))

William Shakespeare · c. 1605-06

Tragedy in five acts · English Renaissance drama

Lear's descent into madness on the heath — Shakespeare's greatest tragedy, the most extreme exploration of suffering, ingratitude, and the bare human

15% absurdism 15% christian-existentialism 15% existentialism 10% nihilism 10% liberation-theology 5% realism 10% catholic-thomistic 10% stoicism 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% phenomenology +7

#285

Confessions of a Mask (Early (the breakthrough novel that established Mishima's literary reputation))

Yukio Mishima · 1949 (Mishima's breakthrough novel, written at age 24)

Semi-autobiographical novel · Twentieth-century Japanese literature / aestheticist nihilism

A young man's sexual self-discovery in wartime Japan — Mishima's 1949 semi-autobiographical breakthrough novel

20% existentialism 15% absurdism 15% nihilism 10% phenomenology 10% liberation-theology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism 5% realism 5% shintoism 5% pure-land-buddhism 5% catholic-thomistic +8

#286

Tristes Tropiques (Mid (Lévi-Strauss's most widely read book))

Claude Lévi-Strauss · 1955

Anthropological memoir / philosophical essay · Twentieth-century French structural anthropology

"I hate travelling and explorers" — Lévi-Strauss's opening to his 1955 part-memoir, part-anthropological reflection, the most widely read work of twentieth-century anthropology

25% structuralism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% naturalism 10% pyrrhonism 10% phenomenology 10% animism-relational-indigenous 5% liberation-theology 5% postmodernism 5% rationalism 5% realism +7

#287

Essays in Zen Buddhism (Mid (Suzuki's major early period of Western dissemination))

Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki · 1927 (First Series), 1933 (Second), 1934 (Third) — published in English by Rider & Co. London

Three-series collection of essays · Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism / comparative mysticism

Three series of essays — D. T. Suzuki's major early Western introduction to Zen Buddhism, the source for much twentieth-century Western reception

35% buddhism 5% pure-land-buddhism 10% taoism 10% phenomenology 10% neo-platonism 10% liberal-theology 5% transcendentalism 5% shintoism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 8% mahayana-buddhism 8% zen-buddhism +9

#288

Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism (Early (Suzuki's first major book; preceding the Essays in Zen Buddhism by twenty years))

Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki · 1907 (Suzuki's first major book in English, written during his work with Paul Carus at the Open Court Press)

Systematic introduction to Buddhist philosophy · Japanese Buddhist scholarship / comparative philosophy

The major early systematic Western introduction to Mahayana Buddhism — Suzuki's 1907 first major English-language book

40% buddhism 5% pure-land-buddhism 15% yogacara 5% taoism 5% neo-platonism 10% liberal-theology 10% idealism 5% phenomenology 5% analytic-metaphysics 8% mahayana-buddhism 8% zen-buddhism +8

#289

Kitáb-i-Íqán (Mid (pre-declaration in 1863))

Bahá'u'lláh (Mírzá Ḥusayn-ʻAlí Núrí) · 1862 (composed in Baghdad in two days and two nights, in response to questions from one of the Báb's maternal uncles)

Doctrinal-theological book · Bahá'í Faith

The "Book of Certitude" — Bahá'u'lláh's 1862 major doctrinal work, the principal theological text of the Bahá'í Faith

40% bahai-faith 15% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 10% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 15% liberal-theology 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% realism 5% catholic-thomistic +5

#290

Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Late (the major late doctrinal-legal book))

Bahá'u'lláh (Mírzá Ḥusayn-ʻAlí Núrí) · 1873 (in 'Akká, the prison-city where Bahá'u'lláh was exiled)

Doctrinal-legal text · Bahá'í Faith

"The Most Holy Book" — Bahá'u'lláh's 1873 book of laws, the principal legal-doctrinal text of the Bahá'í Faith

45% bahai-faith 15% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 10% liberal-theology 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% liberation-theology +5

#291

Death and the King's Horseman (Mid (the major play of Soyinka's career))

Wole Soyinka · 1975

Tragic drama in five scenes · Modern African theatre / Yoruba ritual drama

A Yoruba ritual suicide interrupted by British colonial intervention — Soyinka's 1975 major tragedy, the central work of modern African theatre

30% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 15% animism-relational-indigenous 10% liberation-theology 10% absurdism 10% realism 5% existentialism 5% process-philosophy 10% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 5% afrofuturism +6

#292

The Savage Mind (Mid (the systematic statement of structural anthropology))

Claude Lévi-Strauss · 1962

Anthropological-philosophical treatise · French structural anthropology

The savage mind is not the European's primitive ancestor — Lévi-Strauss's 1962 sustained argument for the rational equality of "primitive" thought

35% structuralism 15% rationalism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% animism-relational-indigenous 10% naturalism 10% realism 5% existentialism 5% postmodernism +5

#293

Structural Anthropology (Mid (the methodological consolidation))

Claude Lévi-Strauss · 1958

Collection of essays · French structural anthropology

The collection that established structural anthropology — Lévi-Strauss's 1958 systematic methodological statement

40% structuralism 15% rationalism 10% naturalism 10% analytic-metaphysics 5% pragmatic-realism 5% postmodernism 10% realism 5% phenomenology +5

#294

Reason, Truth and History (Mid (the major mid-career book, the systematic statement of internal realism))

Hilary Putnam · 1981

Systematic philosophical treatise · Analytic philosophy / pragmatism

"Internal realism" — Putnam's 1981 major book, the systematic statement of his middle-period position between metaphysical realism and relativism

25% analytic-metaphysics 20% pragmatism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% constructivism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% naturalism 5% rationalism 5% postmodernism 8% analytic-philosophy +7

#295

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (Early (the first of Douglass's three autobiographies))

Frederick Douglass · 1845

Autobiographical narrative · American slave narrative / African American autobiographical tradition

The founding text of the African American autobiographical tradition — Douglass's 1845 first-person testimony of his enslavement and escape

25% liberation-theology 15% evangelical-protestantism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% transcendentalism 5% pragmatism 10% christian-personalism 5% existentialism +6

#296

What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? (Mid (Douglass at the height of his oratorical powers))

Frederick Douglass · July 5, 1852 (delivered at Corinthian Hall, Rochester, NY, to the Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society)

Public address · American abolitionism / African American oratory

"What to the slave is the Fourth of July?" — Douglass's 1852 oration, the canonical American statement of the contradiction between American liberty and American slavery

25% liberation-theology 15% evangelical-protestantism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% transcendentalism 10% christian-personalism 5% liberal-theology 5% pragmatism 5% absurdism +7

#297

Ninety-Five Theses (Early (the founding act of the Reformation))

Martin Luther · October 31, 1517 (posted to the door of All Saints' Church, Wittenberg)

Disputation theses (95 numbered propositions) · German Lutheran Reformation

The 95 propositions against indulgences — Luther's October 31, 1517 disputation theses, the founding document of the Reformation

40% lutheranism 20% evangelical-protestantism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% catholic-thomistic 5% liberation-theology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% realism 5% christian-existentialism +5

#298

The Freedom of a Christian (Early (1520 is Luther's most productive year of foundational treatises))

Martin Luther · 1520 (published in both Latin and German; the third of the three great 1520 Reformation treatises)

Short theological treatise · German Lutheran Reformation

"A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none; a Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant of all, subject to all" — Luther's 1520 short treatise on the paradoxical structure of Christian freedom

40% lutheranism 20% evangelical-protestantism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% christian-existentialism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% liberation-theology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% realism +5

#299

On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church (Early (1520, foundational year))

Martin Luther · 1520

Theological reform treatise · German Lutheran Reformation

Reform of the medieval sacramental system — Luther's 1520 treatise reducing the seven sacraments to the two with scriptural warrant (Baptism and the Lord's Supper)

35% lutheranism 20% evangelical-protestantism 15% reformed-calvinist-theology 10% catholic-thomistic 5% pragmatic-realism 5% realism 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% liberation-theology +5

#300

The Waste Land (Mid (the canonical modernist poem))

Thomas Stearns Eliot · 1921 (during Eliot's nervous breakdown and convalescence in Switzerland); 1922 published (edited substantially by Ezra Pound)

Long poem in five sections · English-language modernism

"April is the cruellest month" — Eliot's 1922 long poem, the canonical work of English-language high modernist poetry

15% absurdism 15% nihilism 10% christian-existentialism 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% advaita-vedanta 10% buddhism 10% catholic-thomistic 15% postmodernism 5% phenomenology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% liberal-theology +8