Works

Derrida's 1993 'Specters of Marx' — hauntology, the New International, and 'one must read Marx' after the fall of the Wall

Deconstruction / post-structuralism 1

#1502 · 1972

Margins of Philosophy (Middle (one of three 1972 volumes))

Derrida's 1972 essays — Différance, White Mythology, Signature Event Context

Deconstruction / post-structuralism / phenomenology critique 1

#1501 · 1967

Speech and Phenomena (Early)

#1503 · 1977 (with later 'Afterword', 1988)

Derrida's 1967 deconstructive reading of Husserl — voice, expression, and the metaphysics of presence

Deconstruction / post-structuralism / philosophy of language 1

Limited Inc (Middle-late)

Derrida's 1977 'Limited Inc' — the exchange with Searle on Austin, speech acts, and the structure of writing

Deep ecology / Ecological philosophy 1

#1344 · 1989

Ecology, Community and Lifestyle (Late)

Næss's 1989 systematic statement of deep ecology

Deep ecology / History of philosophy / Spinoza studies 1

#1347 · 1977

Spinoza and Ecology (Mid)

#908 · 1998 (Norwegian original Livsfilosofi: Et personlig bidrag om følelser og fornuft, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget); English 2002

Næss's 1977 paper — Spinoza as deep-ecology foundation

Deep ecology / Norwegian philosophical naturalism 1

Life's Philosophy: Reason and Feeling in a Deeper World (Late (Næss's closing popular statement, written at 86))

A flourishing life expands the self until it identifies with the larger living world

Deep ecology / Practical philosophy 1

#1346 · 2002

Life's Philosophy: Reason and Feeling in a Deeper World (Late)

#410 · 1976 (Norwegian); 1989 (English)

Næss's 2002 late work on philosophical-personal life

Deep ecology / Scandinavian environmental philosophy 1

Ecology, Community and Lifestyle (Late (Næss's mature statement; the systematic expansion of his 1973 "shallow vs deep ecology" essay))

#278 · 1933 (essay collection, English translation by Cary F. Baynes)

The expanded Self: ecological well-being as the extension of self-identification to the wider community of life

Depth psychology / analytical psychology 3

#277 · 1921

Psychological Types (Mid (the major systematic work after his 1912-13 break with Freud))

Carl Gustav Jung

The eight psychological types — Jung's 1921 systematic statement of his theory of personality, including the introversion-extraversion distinction

Modern Man in Search of a Soul (Mid-late (mature systematic statement))

Carl Gustav Jung

The mature accessible introduction to Jungian analytical psychology — depth psychology applied to the modern spiritual condition

#306 · 1934-55 (essays composed across two decades); 1959 (compiled as Volume 9, Part 1 of the Collected Works)

The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious (Late (the mature systematic statement of archetypal psychology))

Carl Gustav Jung

The mature systematic statement of Jung's archetypal psychology — the collective unconscious, the archetypes (Self, Anima/Animus, Shadow, others), individuation

Depth psychology / psychoanalysis 2

#279 · 1899 (dated 1900); revised through 1929 (8th edition)

The Interpretation of Dreams (Early (the founding work of psychoanalysis))

Sigmund Freud

"The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind" — Freud's 1900 founding work of psychoanalysis

#280 · 1905; revised through 1924

Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (Early-mid (after the Interpretation of Dreams))

Sigmund Freud

The infantile sexuality thesis, the polymorphously perverse, the Oedipus complex — Freud's 1905 founding work on psychosexual development

Deutschian rationalism / philosophy of progress 1

#1452 · 2011

The Beginning of Infinity (Late)

David Deutsch

Deutsch's 2011 "Explanations That Transform the World"

Devotio Moderna / Augustinian spirituality 1

#1772 · c. 1418–1427

The Imitation of Christ (De Imitatione Christi)

Thomas a Kempis

I would rather feel compunction than know how to define it — interior devotion as the one thing needful

Devotio Moderna / Late medieval Christian spirituality 1

#86 · c. 1418–1427 (Mount St Agnes monastery, Zwolle, Netherlands)

The Imitation of Christ

Thomas à Kempis (traditional attribution; sometimes attributed to Geert Groote or composite)

Christ's way is the cross — and the imitation of Christ is the way of the soul to God, in concrete daily practice

Dialectical materialism / Marxism 1

#103 · 1845 (notebook fragments, published posthumously by Engels in 1888 with slight editorial changes)

Theses on Feuerbach (Early)

Karl Marx

Philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point, however, is to change it

Dialectical materialism / Marxism / classical socialist political economy 1

#39 · 1867 (German first ed.); Volume II 1885, Volume III 1894 (posthumous, ed. Engels)

Capital, Volume I (Late)

Karl Marx

The commodity form is the cell of capitalist society — value, labour, surplus, accumulation, and crisis follow from its dialectical analysis

Dvaita Vedānta / Mādhva school 4

#1435 · c. 1620-1671

Parimala (Mid)

Raghavendra's gloss on Jayatīrtha's Nyāyasudhā — major Dvaita commentary

#1436 · c. 1620-1671

Tatparya Chandrika (Mid)

Raghavendra's gloss on Vyāsatīrtha's Tātparya-chandrikā

#1437 · c. 1620-1671

Nyaya Mukura (Mid)

Raghavendra's Nyāya-Mukura — Dvaita logical-epistemological treatise

#1438 · c. 1620-1671

Bhagavata Tatparya commentary (Mid)

#1012 · c. 50-51 CE (earliest surviving Pauline letter)

Raghavendra's commentary on Madhva's Bhāgavata-Tātparya

Earliest Christianity 2

1 Thessalonians (Early)

#1013 · c. 60-62 CE (composed in prison alongside Colossians)

The earliest surviving Pauline letter — eschatological questions about the parousia and the dead in Christ

Philemon (Late)

#1010 · c. 48-55 CE (either earliest or middle Pauline letter)

Paul's short prison letter on behalf of a runaway slave — and the principal early-Christian text on slavery, manumission, and the gospel's social implications

Earliest Christianity / Pauline Christianity 5

Galatians (Mature)

#1008 · c. 53-55 CE (composed in Ephesus during Paul's third missionary journey)

Justification by faith, not by works of the law — Paul's polemical manifesto, the "Magna Carta" of Christian freedom

A pastoral letter to a troubled church — addressing factions, immorality, lawsuits, marriage, food offered to idols, worship, spiritual gifts, the resurrection, and the famous "hymn to love" of chapter 13

#1009 · c. 55-56 CE (composed in Macedonia after a difficult Corinthian crisis)

2 Corinthians (Mature)

#1007 · c. 56-58 CE (composed in Corinth, near the end of Paul's third missionary journey)

When I am weak, then I am strong — Paul's most personal letter, defending his apostolic ministry through the theology of weakness

Romans (Mature (Paul's most extensive and systematic letter))

#1011 · c. 60-62 CE (from prison — Rome, Ephesus, or Caesarea)

Justification by faith, the universality of sin, the universality of grace, and the place of Israel in God's redemptive plan — Paul's most systematic theological exposition

Philippians (Late)

#950 · c. 207-12 (composed in three revisions; the third recension is the surviving text)

A prison letter of joy — and the Christological kenosis hymn that has organised Christian doctrine of incarnation for two millennia

Early Advaita Vedanta / post-Pūrva-Mīmāṃsā Vedanta 1

#1652 · c. 8th century

Brahma-siddhi (Mature)

Maṇḍana Miśra

Maṇḍana's c. 8th-century 'Brahma-siddhi' — early Advaita-Vedantic systematic treatise alongside (and partly against) Śaṅkara

Early Latin Christian theology / North African Christianity 2

Against Marcion (Mature (Tertullian's longest and most systematic work))

Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus

There is one God — the Creator of the Old Testament and the Father of Jesus Christ — and the unity of the two Testaments witnesses to it

#952 · c. 210-12

On the Resurrection of the Flesh (Mature (one of Tertullian's longest and most carefully argued treatises))

Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus

The same flesh that lived and died will rise — the bodily resurrection is the whole point of the Christian hope, and to spiritualise it is to abandon Christianity

Early Latin Christian theology / North African Trinitarianism 1

#951 · c. 213 (in Tertullian's Montanist period)

Against Praxeas (Late (composed in Tertullian's Montanist period but with orthodox Trinitarian content))

Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus

There are three Persons in one Substance — the formula "tres personae, una substantia" enters Christian theology

Early modern empiricism / scientific method 1

#119 · 1620 (London; intended as Part II of the never-completed Instauratio Magna)

Novum Organum

Francis Bacon

Knowledge is power — and the road to it is patient inductive observation, freed from the four Idols of the mind

Early modern epistemology and ethics 1

#973 · c. 1661-62 (unfinished; published posthumously in the Opera Posthuma 1677)

Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect (Early (Spinoza's first major philosophical project, left incomplete as the Ethics took shape))

#92 · Written c. 1679–82; published anonymously 1689

The proper method of knowing — and the proper end of human life — both arise from the careful emendation of the intellect away from the distracting goods of fortune toward the love of an unchanging good

Early modern liberal political philosophy 2

Two Treatises of Government (Late)

John Locke

Government rests on the consent of the governed — and when it fails to protect life, liberty, and property, the people may resist

#141 · Written in Latin 1685 in Holland; published anonymously 1689 (Latin and English)

A Letter Concerning Toleration (Late)

John Locke

The care of souls cannot belong to the civil magistrate — and toleration of religious difference is the fundamental Christian and civic virtue

Early modern natural philosophy 1

#962 · 1623 (Rome: Accademia dei Lincei)

The Assayer (Mature (composed during the brief honeymoon between Galileo and the new Pope Urban VIII))

#963 · 1615 (composed; circulated in manuscript; first published 1636 in Strasbourg)

The book of nature is written in the language of mathematics — without which one wanders in vain through a dark labyrinth

Early modern natural philosophy / Catholic biblical hermeneutics 1

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (Mature (composed at the height of the developing controversy with Rome))

#38 · 1687 (first ed.); 1713, 1726 (second and third revised eds)

Scripture teaches how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go — natural philosophy must be free to follow its own evidence

Early modern natural philosophy / classical physics 1

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica

Isaac Newton

Absolute space and time; universal gravitation; the system of the world deduced from three laws — the founding text of mathematical physics

Early modern natural philosophy / experimental method 1

#137 · 1704 (English first edition); 1706 (Latin)

Opticks (Late)

Isaac Newton

The corpuscular theory of light, Newton's rings, the spectrum — and the famous Queries that speculatively probe gravity, ether, life, and the nature of God

Early modern natural philosophy / mathematical astronomy 1

#741 · 1609

Astronomia Nova (Mid)

Johannes Kepler

Kepler's 1609 founding treatise of modern astronomy — elliptical orbits and the first two laws

Early modern natural philosophy / observational astronomy 1

#961 · March 1610 (Venice: Tommaso Baglioni)

Sidereus Nuncius (Early-mid (the breakthrough that established Galileo's international reputation))

#118 · 1632 (Florence; placed on the Index of Prohibited Books later that year)

The telescope has shown what no eye had seen: mountains on the moon, satellites of Jupiter, the resolution of the Milky Way into uncountable stars

Early modern natural philosophy / scientific revolution 1

Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

#974 · c. 1660-62 (Dutch manuscript circulated only among Spinoza's closest correspondents during his lifetime; rediscovered 1862)

A vernacular defence of heliocentrism — the book that brought Galileo before the Inquisition

Early modern philosophy 1

Short Treatise on God (Early (Spinoza's first systematic presentation of his metaphysics, predating the Ethics))

#975 · 1663 (Renati Des Cartes Principiorum Philosophiae Pars I et II, Amsterdam: Rieuwertsz)

The early draft of the Ethics — Spinoza's first systematic presentation of his metaphysics, written before the more-Latin geometric form was fully developed

Early modern philosophy / Cartesian rationalism 1

Principles of Cartesian Philosophy (Early (Spinoza's first published work))

#1069 · 1686 (composed February 1686; first published 1846)

A geometric reconstruction of Descartes — Spinoza's only work published under his own name during his lifetime, and the methodological forerunner of the Ethics

Early modern philosophy / German rationalism 1

Discourse on Metaphysics (Mature)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Leibniz's 1686 systematic statement of his mature metaphysics — initiating the famous Arnauld correspondence

Early modern philosophy of physics 1

#1070 · 1715-16 (5 letters from Leibniz, 5 replies from Clarke); published 1717

The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence (Last)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Leibniz's 1715-16 last philosophical work — the founding debate over space, time, and divine action between relationalist and absolutist physics

Early modern political philosophy 1

#972 · 1675-77 (unfinished at Spinoza's 1677 death; published posthumously as part of the Opera Posthuma)

Political Treatise (Late (Spinoza's last work, left incomplete at his death))

#91 · 1642 (Latin, Paris); English translation by Hobbes himself 1651

The application of the Ethics's natural-rights framework to political institutions — and the most sustained early-modern defense of democratic constitutional government

Early modern political philosophy / materialist naturalism 2

De Cive (Early)

The state of nature is war; the social contract creates sovereign authority; the duty of religion is consistent with civil peace

#36 · 1651

Leviathan

#134 · 1670 (anonymously, with false imprint)

The state of nature is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short; the social contract erects the Leviathan to keep us out of it

Early modern rationalism / biblical criticism / political philosophy 1

Theological-Political Treatise (Early)

Baruch Spinoza

Scripture's meaning is to be sought by historical-critical reading; freedom of philosophising is necessary for the state — anonymous and immediately banned

Early modern rationalism / continental philosophy 1

#16 · 1641 (Latin); French translation by Duc de Luynes 1647

Meditations on First Philosophy

René Descartes

Cogito ergo sum — radical doubt as method, the thinking thing as foundation, the world re-erected on the certainty of consciousness

Early modern rationalism / pluralist idealism 1

#66 · 1714 (written in French for Prince Eugene of Savoy); published 1720 in German

Monadology (Late)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

The world is composed of simple substances — monads — windowless and active, each mirroring the whole; pre-established harmony coordinates them all

Early modern rationalism / Spinozism 1

#18 · completed c. 1675; published posthumously 1677

Ethics

Baruch Spinoza

Deus sive natura — God or nature, one infinite substance, expressed in infinite attributes, of which we know two — extension and thought

Early Rhineland mysticism / German Dominican spiritual instruction 1

#945 · c. 1294-98 (Eckhart's early period as Prior of Erfurt and Vicar of Thuringia, before the first Paris regency)

Reden der Unterweisung (Early (Eckhart's first major vernacular work, written before the trials of his last decade))

Meister Eckhart (Eckhart von Hochheim)

Detachment, "innerness," and the abandonment of self-will — the foundations of the contemplative life

Early scholasticism 1

#527 · c. 1121

Sic et Non (Yes and No) (Early)

Peter Abelard

Abelard's c. 1121 Sic et Non — collection of patristic contradictions catalyzing the scholastic method

Early scholasticism / Anselmian theology / Latin patristic-medieval Augustinianism 1

#1587 · c. 1099-1100

On the Virgin Conception and Original Sin (Late)

Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm's 'De Conceptu Virginali' — original sin as inherited privation of original justice, transmitted through generation

Early Stoic philosophy 1

#1689 · c. 300 BCE

Republic (fragments) (Early)

Zeno of Citium

The founding Stoic political vision: a cosmopolitan community of the wise beyond cities, courts, and currencies

Early Stoicism 1

#1709 · c. 3rd century BCE

Hymn to Zeus

Cleanthes

Zeus as Logos, fire as fate, willing obedience as the only freedom — Stoic theology in verse

Early-modern mathematics / Probability theory 1

#1297 · 1654

Pascal-Fermat Correspondence on Probability (Mid)

Blaise Pascal

Pascal's 1654 correspondence with Fermat — founding probability theory

Early-modern mathematics / Projective geometry 1

#1296 · 1640

Essay on Conic Sections (Early)

Blaise Pascal

Pascal's 1640 mathematical essay at age 16 — Pascal's theorem

Early-modern philosophy / Anglican apologetics / Immaterialism 1

#1219 · 1732

Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher (Mid)

George Berkeley

Berkeley's 1732 seven dialogues — defence of Christianity against free-thinker challenges

Early-modern philosophy / Immaterialism / Late-Berkeley Platonic synthesis 1

#1220 · 1744

Siris (Late)

George Berkeley

Berkeley's 1744 late synthesis — tar-water remedy, immaterialist metaphysics, the Platonic chain of being

Early-modern philosophy / Materialism 2

#1383 · 1655

De Corpore (Late)

Hobbes's 1655 De Corpore on bodies, geometry, physics

#1384 · 1658

De Homine (Late)

#1385 · c. 1668; 1681 (posthumous)

Hobbes's 1658 De Homine on human nature

Early-modern philosophy / Mathematical methodology / French philosophy 1

#1298 · c. 1655

De l'Esprit Géométrique (Mid)

Blaise Pascal

Pascal's c.1655 essay on geometric reasoning and method

Early-modern philosophy / Philosophy of physics / Immaterialism 1

#1218 · 1721

De Motu (Mid)

George Berkeley

Berkeley's 1721 Latin treatise — instrumentalist philosophy of physics; against Newtonian absolute space

Early-modern philosophy / Political history 1

Behemoth (Late)

Hobbes's history of the English Civil War

Early-modern philosophy / Social contract theory 1

#1382 · 1640

Elements of Law, Natural and Politic (Early)