Works

#661

Foundations of a General Theory of Manifolds (Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Mannigfaltigkeitslehre) (Mid)

Georg Cantor · 1883

Mathematical paper · Foundations of mathematics / set theory

Cantor's 1883 foundational text of set theory and transfinite numbers

25% platonism-classical 15% realism 15% rationalism 10% logicism 10% pythagoreanism 10% catholic-thomistic 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% neo-platonism 5% idealism +6

#662

The Science of Mechanics (Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung) (Mid)

Ernst Mach · 1883

Philosophy of physics · Empiricist philosophy of physics / Austrian school

Mach's 1883 foundational empiricist philosophy of physics — critique of Newtonian absolute space and time

25% empiricism 15% naturalism 15% logical-positivism 15% relationalism 10% neutral-monism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% pyrrhonism 5% phenomenalism 5% analytic-metaphysics +6

#663

The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory (La Théorie physique: son objet, sa structure) (Late)

Pierre Duhem · 1906

Philosophy of physics · French Catholic philosophy of physics

Duhem's 1906 foundational philosophy of physics — Duhem-Quine underdetermination thesis

15% analytic-metaphysics 15% critical-realism 15% empiricism 10% pragmatic-realism 15% catholic-thomistic 10% realism 5% hylomorphism 5% rationalism 5% naturalism 5% logical-positivism +7

#664

Science and Hypothesis (La Science et l'hypothèse) (Late)

Henri Poincaré · 1902

Philosophy of mathematics and physics · French conventionalist philosophy of science

Poincaré's 1902 foundational text — conventionalism in geometry, intuitionism in arithmetic

15% analytic-metaphysics 20% constructivism 15% rationalism 10% empiricism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% logical-positivism 5% realism 5% naturalism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% logicism +7

#665

The Philosophy of Space and Time (Philosophie der Raum-Zeit-Lehre) (Mid)

Hans Reichenbach · 1928

Philosophy of physics / space-time theory · Berlin Society for Empirical Philosophy / logical empiricism

Reichenbach's 1928 foundational philosophy of space and time — relativistic philosophy of space-time

20% analytic-metaphysics 20% logical-positivism 15% empiricism 10% naturalism 10% realism 5% rationalism 10% relationalism 5% eternalism 5% critical-realism +6

#666

Relativity: The Special and General Theory (Mid)

Albert Einstein · 1916 (German); 1920 (English)

Popular scientific exposition · Modern physics / relativity theory

Einstein's 1916 popular foundational exposition of special (1905) and general (1915) relativity

20% naturalism 15% realism 15% eternalism 10% relationalism 10% rationalism 5% empiricism 5% critical-realism 5% pythagoreanism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% idealism 5% spinozist-pantheism +8

#667

The Essential Tension (Late)

Thomas S. Kuhn · 1977

History and philosophy of science essays · Post-positivist history and philosophy of science

Kuhn's 1977 collection — essential tension between tradition-bound normal science and revolutionary innovation

15% analytic-metaphysics 15% critical-realism 15% constructivism 10% pragmatism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% realism 10% naturalism 5% empiricism 5% relativism 10% postmodernism +7

#668

The Trial (Der Process) (Late)

Franz Kafka · 1914-15 (composed); 1925 (posthumous)

Modernist novel · German-language modernism / Prague Jewish literature

Kafka's 1925 foundational modernist text — Josef K.'s mysterious trial in an unknowable bureaucratic system

25% absurdism 15% existentialism 10% critical-realism 10% rabbinic-judaism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 10% nihilism 5% phenomenology 5% realism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% postmodernism 5% pyrrhonism +8

#669

Ulysses (Mid)

James Joyce · 1914-21 (composed); 1922 (published)

Modernist novel · Irish modernism

Joyce's 1922 foundational modernist novel — Leopold Bloom's Odyssean day in Dublin

15% phenomenology 10% realism 5% absurdism 10% platonism-classical 10% catholic-thomistic 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% pragmatic-realism 10% postmodernism 10% critical-realism 5% naturalism 5% hermeticism 5% romanticism 5% liberation-theology +10

#670

A Room of One's Own (Late)

Virginia Woolf · 1929

Feminist literary essay · British modernist feminism

Woolf's 1929 foundational feminist literary essay — "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction"

20% liberation-theology 15% critical-realism 10% realism 10% phenomenology 10% pragmatic-realism 10% dialectical-materialism 10% liberal-theology 5% pragmatism 5% absurdism 5% romanticism +7

#671

Swann's Way (Du côté de chez Swann) (Mid)

Marcel Proust · 1913

Modernist novel · French modernist literature

Proust's 1913 Swann's Way — first volume of In Search of Lost Time — involuntary memory and the madeleine

20% phenomenology 10% process-philosophy 10% realism 10% critical-realism 10% romanticism 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% idealism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% absurdism 5% liberal-theology 5% naturalism 5% analytic-metaphysics +10

#672

The Magic Mountain (Der Zauberberg) (Late)

Thomas Mann · 1912-24 (composed); 1924 (published)

Modernist Bildungsroman · German modernist literature

Mann's 1924 foundational Bildungsroman — Hans Castorp's seven years at the Berghof sanatorium

15% realism 10% phenomenology 10% liberal-theology 5% catholic-thomistic 5% nihilism 10% existentialism 10% romanticism 5% idealism 10% critical-realism 5% lutheranism 5% absurdism 5% dialectical-materialism 5% process-philosophy +10

#673

Middlemarch (Late)

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) · 1871-72

Victorian novel · English Victorian realism

George Eliot's 1871-72 foundational Victorian novel — "the home epic" of provincial English life

25% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% critical-realism 10% liberal-theology 5% naturalism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% phenomenology 10% romanticism 5% liberation-theology 5% empiricism 5% pragmatism 5% rationalism +9

#674

The Sound and the Fury (Mid)

William Faulkner · 1929

Modernist novel · Southern American modernism

Faulkner's 1929 foundational text of Southern American modernism — the Compson family's tragedy

10% realism 15% phenomenology 10% critical-realism 5% absurdism 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% nihilism 5% naturalism 5% existentialism 10% romanticism 5% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 5% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 5% postmodernism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% platonism-classical +11

#675

Collected Poems (Late)

Wallace Stevens · 1954 (collection of poems 1923-54)

Modernist poetry · American modernist poetry

Stevens's 1954 Collected Poems — foundational text of American modernist poetry

15% idealism 15% romanticism 10% phenomenology 10% realism 10% pragmatism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism 10% transcendentalism 5% absurdism 5% nihilism 5% constructivism 5% platonism-classical +9

#676

The Age of Anxiety: A Baroque Eclogue (Mid)

W.H. Auden · 1944-46 (composed); 1947 (published)

Long modernist poem · Anglo-American modernist poetry

Auden's 1947 foundational long poem — "the age of anxiety" defining post-WWII spiritual condition

20% christian-existentialism 10% existentialism 10% evangelical-protestantism 10% phenomenology 5% critical-realism 10% nihilism 5% absurdism 5% catholic-thomistic 5% liberal-theology 5% realism 5% romanticism 5% rationalism +9

#677

1984 (Nineteen Eighty-Four) (Late)

George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair) · 1949

Dystopian novel · British anti-totalitarian political fiction

Orwell's 1949 foundational dystopian novel — Big Brother, Newspeak, doublethink, the totalitarian state

20% critical-realism 15% liberal-theology 15% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% dialectical-materialism 10% nihilism 5% absurdism 5% empiricism 5% pyrrhonism 10% existentialism +7

#678

The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science and Spirituality (Late)

Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama) · 2005

Buddhist-science dialogue · Modern Gelug Tibetan Buddhism

Dalai Lama's 2005 foundational dialogue between Buddhist philosophy and modern physics, evolutionary biology, and neuroscience

25% tibetan-vajrayana-buddhism 20% buddhism 15% naturalism 10% realism 5% quantum-realism 5% yogacara 5% pragmatic-realism 5% relationalism 5% liberation-theology 5% phenomenology +7

#679

Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism (Mid)

Chögyam Trungpa · 1973 (compiled from 1970-71 lectures)

Modern Tibetan Buddhist teaching · Modern Tibetan Vajrayāna Buddhism (Kagyu)

Trungpa's 1973 foundational Tibetan Buddhist text — the trap of "spiritual materialism" in modern practice

30% tibetan-vajrayana-buddhism 20% buddhism 10% yogacara 10% critical-realism 10% phenomenology 5% hermeticism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% liberation-theology 5% pure-land-buddhism +6

#680

When Things Fall Apart: Heart Advice for Difficult Times (Late)

Pema Chödrön (Deirdre Blomfield-Brown) · 1997

Contemporary Buddhist teaching · American Tibetan Buddhism (Kagyu/Shambhala)

Pema Chödrön's 1997 foundational contemporary American Tibetan Buddhist teaching on suffering and openness

25% tibetan-vajrayana-buddhism 20% buddhism 15% phenomenology 10% pragmatic-realism 5% yogacara 10% liberation-theology 5% critical-realism 5% realism 5% pure-land-buddhism +6

#681

Raja Yoga: Conquering the Internal Nature (Late)

Swami Vivekananda · 1896

Modern Hindu yoga commentary · Modern Vedanta / Ramakrishna order

Vivekananda's 1896 foundational text — modern presentation of Raja Yoga in the West

25% advaita-vedanta 15% samkhya 10% phenomenology 10% pragmatic-realism 5% idealism 5% buddhism 5% spinozist-pantheism 10% liberation-theology 5% transcendentalism 5% realism 5% naturalism +8

#682

Autobiography of a Yogi (Late)

Paramahansa Yogananda · 1946

Spiritual autobiography · Modern Kriya Yoga / Self-Realization Fellowship

Yogananda's 1946 foundational text of Western popular yoga and Hindu spirituality

20% advaita-vedanta 10% samkhya 10% spinozist-pantheism 10% phenomenology 10% transcendentalism 5% hermeticism 10% energetic-wellness 5% liberation-theology 5% buddhism 5% panpsychism 5% realism 5% liberal-theology +9

#683

The Language Instinct (Late)

Steven Pinker · 1994

Popular evolutionary cognitive science · Chomskyan-Darwinian evolutionary linguistics

Pinker's 1994 foundational text — language as an evolved biological instinct

25% naturalism 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% realism 10% empiricism 10% rationalism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% critical-realism 5% dataism-information-ontology 5% logicism 5% transhumanism-posthumanism +7

#684

Syntactic Structures (Early)

Noam Chomsky · 1957

Linguistics monograph · American generative linguistics

Chomsky's 1957 foundational generative linguistics — "colorless green ideas sleep furiously"

25% rationalism 15% naturalism 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% realism 10% logicism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 10% structuralism 5% empiricism 5% idealism +6

#685

Metaphors We Live By (Late)

George Lakoff and Mark Johnson · 1980

Cognitive linguistics · American cognitive linguistics / embodied cognition

Lakoff & Johnson's 1980 foundational text — metaphor as constitutive of thought, not mere linguistic decoration

15% naturalism 15% phenomenology 10% analytic-metaphysics 15% constructivism 5% pragmatism 5% pragmatic-realism 10% critical-realism 5% realism 5% empiricism 5% rationalism 5% relativism 5% animism-relational-indigenous +9

#686

Animal Liberation (Mid)

Peter Singer · 1975

Practical philosophy · Anglo-American utilitarian ethics

Singer's 1975 foundational animal-rights text — speciesism is unjustifiable discrimination

15% liberation-theology 15% naturalism 15% analytic-metaphysics 10% pragmatic-realism 10% liberal-theology 10% critical-realism 5% realism 5% empiricism 5% rationalism 5% deep-ecology 5% buddhism +8

#687

Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies (Late)

Nick Bostrom · 2014

Philosophical-technological treatise · AI safety / existential risk analysis

Bostrom's 2014 foundational text on the prospect of artificial superintelligence

20% analytic-metaphysics 25% transhumanism-posthumanism 10% naturalism 10% realism 10% rationalism 10% dataism-information-ontology 5% simulation-theory 5% multiverse-theory 5% pragmatic-realism +6

#688

Escape from Freedom (Mid)

Erich Fromm · 1941

Social psychology / political psychology · Frankfurt School / humanistic psychoanalysis

Fromm's 1941 foundational psychological-political analysis of authoritarianism and the escape from freedom

20% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% phenomenology 10% rabbinic-judaism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 10% liberation-theology 5% existentialism 5% liberal-theology 5% naturalism +8

#689

The Sociological Imagination (Mid)

C. Wright Mills · 1959

Critical sociology · American critical sociology

Mills's 1959 foundational text — the sociological imagination connects private troubles to public issues

25% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 10% pragmatism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% liberation-theology 5% liberal-theology 5% empiricism 5% phenomenology 5% analytic-metaphysics +7

#690

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Mid)

Erving Goffman · 1959

Dramaturgical social theory · Symbolic interactionism / Chicago School sociology

Goffman's 1959 foundational dramaturgical social theory — life as performance, front stage and back stage

20% pragmatism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 15% constructivism 10% phenomenology 5% critical-realism 5% naturalism 5% empiricism 5% postmodernism 5% analytic-metaphysics 5% absurdism +8

#691

The Social Construction of Reality (Mid)

Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann · 1966

Sociology of knowledge · Phenomenological sociology of knowledge

Berger & Luckmann's 1966 foundational text — knowledge as socially constructed through everyday interaction

20% phenomenology 25% constructivism 10% critical-realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% pragmatism 5% realism 10% dialectical-materialism 5% liberal-theology 5% naturalism +6

#692

Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (La Distinction) (Mid)

Pierre Bourdieu · 1979

Cultural sociology · French cultural sociology

Bourdieu's 1979 foundational cultural sociology — taste as marker of class distinction

20% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 15% structuralism 5% phenomenology 10% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 5% constructivism 5% empiricism 10% relationalism 5% postmodernism +7

#693

The Culture of Narcissism (Late)

Christopher Lasch · 1979

Social-psychological cultural criticism · American social-psychological criticism

Lasch's 1979 foundational text — late capitalism produces narcissistic personality structure

25% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 15% phenomenology 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 5% liberal-theology 5% nihilism 5% naturalism 5% pragmatism 5% evangelical-protestantism +7

#694

Liquid Modernity (Late)

Zygmunt Bauman · 2000

Sociology of contemporary modernity · European critical sociology

Bauman's 2000 foundational text — contemporary modernity as "liquid" — fluid, mobile, individualized

20% critical-realism 15% postmodernism 10% dialectical-materialism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% phenomenology 5% liberation-theology 5% nihilism 5% absurdism 10% liberal-theology +8

#695

Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (Late)

Robert D. Putnam · 2000

Empirical political-social science · American political science / civic engagement studies

Putnam's 2000 foundational text — the decline of social capital and civic engagement in America

20% liberal-theology 15% pragmatic-realism 15% pragmatism 15% empiricism 10% realism 10% critical-realism 5% naturalism 5% rationalism 5% analytic-metaphysics +6

#696

The Fall of Public Man (Mid)

Richard Sennett · 1977

Historical social theory · American critical social theory

Sennett's 1977 foundational historical-social analysis — the decline of public life and the tyranny of intimacy

20% critical-realism 10% dialectical-materialism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% liberal-theology 10% phenomenology 5% pragmatism 10% romanticism 5% platonism-classical 5% postmodernism 5% liberation-theology +8

#697

Our Mathematical Universe (Late)

Max Tegmark · 2014

Speculative cosmology and philosophy of mathematics · Mathematical-Platonist multiverse cosmology

Tegmark's 2014 foundational text — the Mathematical Universe Hypothesis (MUH) and four-level multiverse

25% platonism-classical 20% pythagoreanism 15% realism 10% multiverse-theory 10% rationalism 5% naturalism 5% quantum-realism 5% simulation-theory 5% analytic-metaphysics +6

#698

God in Search of Man (Late)

Abraham Joshua Heschel · 1955

Jewish philosophical theology · Modern Jewish Conservative-Hasidic theology

Heschel's 1955 foundational Jewish theology — "God in search of man", radical amazement, the prophets

25% rabbinic-judaism 15% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 10% kabbalah-lurianic 10% phenomenology 10% liberation-theology 5% liberal-theology 5% christian-existentialism 5% existentialism 5% process-philosophy 5% romanticism 5% platonism-classical +8

#699

Halakhic Man (Ish ha-Halakhah) (Mid)

Joseph B. Soloveitchik · 1944

Modern Jewish philosophical theology · Modern Orthodox Jewish theology

Soloveitchik's 1944 foundational text — the "Halakhic Man" as the typology of authentic Jewish religious life

30% rabbinic-judaism 20% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% analytic-metaphysics 10% realism 5% pragmatic-realism 10% rationalism 5% phenomenology 5% kabbalah-lurianic +6

#700

The Life of the Mind (Late)

Hannah Arendt · 1977-78 (Vol I Thinking; Vol II Willing; Vol III Judging unfinished at her death)

Philosophical magnum opus · German-Jewish-American political philosophy

Arendt's 1977-78 posthumous unfinished masterwork — the three faculties of the active mind: Thinking, Willing, Judging

10% analytic-metaphysics 15% existentialism 15% phenomenology 10% platonism-classical 10% rabbinic-judaism 10% liberal-theology 5% critical-realism 10% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% realism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% rationalism +8

#701

The Sublime Object of Ideology (Mid)

Slavoj Žižek · 1989

Cultural-political philosophy · Slovenian Lacanian-Marxist cultural theory

Žižek's 1989 foundational Lacanian-Marxist cultural theory — ideology, the Real, the sublime object

20% critical-realism 15% structuralism 20% dialectical-materialism 10% idealism 10% postmodernism 5% absurdism 5% kantian-transcendental-idealism 5% liberation-theology 5% realism 5% phenomenology +7

#702

A Brief History of Time (Late)

Stephen Hawking · 1988

Popular cosmology and physics · Modern theoretical cosmology

Hawking's 1988 foundational popular cosmology — Big Bang, black holes, the arrow of time, the search for unification

25% naturalism 15% realism 10% quantum-realism 10% eternalism 5% rationalism 10% pythagoreanism 5% multiverse-theory 10% empiricism 5% pragmatic-realism 5% critical-realism +7

#703

Full Catastrophe Living (Late)

Jon Kabat-Zinn · 1990 (revised 2013)

Secular contemplative practical psychology · Secular mindfulness / Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Kabat-Zinn's 1990 foundational text — Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and secular mindfulness

25% buddhism 15% naturalism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% phenomenology 15% energetic-wellness 5% pragmatism 5% realism 5% critical-realism 5% empiricism +6

#704

Thinking, Fast and Slow (Late)

Daniel Kahneman · 2011

Behavioral economics / cognitive psychology · Behavioral economics / heuristics-and-biases

Kahneman's 2011 foundational behavioral-economic text — System 1 (fast, intuitive) and System 2 (slow, deliberate) thinking

20% naturalism 15% empiricism 10% analytic-metaphysics 15% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 5% rationalism 10% critical-realism 5% rabbinic-judaism 5% pragmatism 5% behaviorism +7

#705

The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion (Late)

Jonathan Haidt · 2012

Moral psychology / political science · Evolutionary moral psychology

Haidt's 2012 foundational moral foundations theory — political-religious moral psychology

25% naturalism 10% pragmatic-realism 15% empiricism 10% realism 5% analytic-metaphysics 10% critical-realism 5% pragmatism 5% liberal-theology 5% relativism 5% evangelical-protestantism 5% platonism-classical +8

#706

Cosmopolitics (Late)

Isabelle Stengers · 2003-11 (French in 7 vols; English in 2 vols)

Philosophy of science / ecological cosmology · Belgian-French ecological-Whiteheadian philosophy

Stengers's 2003-11 Cosmopolitics — seven-book philosophical-scientific-ecological project

20% process-philosophy 15% critical-realism 10% naturalism 10% deep-ecology 10% realism 10% postmodernism 5% phenomenology 5% animism-relational-indigenous 5% pragmatic-realism 5% constructivism 5% object-oriented-ontology +8

#707

The Black Swan (Late)

Nassim Nicholas Taleb · 2007

Philosophy of randomness / probability · Lebanese-American philosophy of randomness

Taleb's 2007 foundational text — "Black Swan" rare-events, the limits of statistical prediction

20% pyrrhonism 15% empiricism 15% critical-realism 15% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 5% naturalism 5% pragmatism 5% absurdism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity +7

#708

Long Walk to Freedom (Late)

Nelson Mandela · 1994

Political autobiography · South African anti-apartheid struggle / African liberation

Mandela's 1994 foundational autobiography — the anti-apartheid struggle and South African transformation

25% liberation-theology 15% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 10% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% critical-realism 5% dialectical-materialism 10% liberal-theology 5% evangelical-protestantism +6

#709

The Autobiography of Malcolm X (Late)

Malcolm X with Alex Haley · 1965

Political autobiography · American Black Muslim / Pan-African liberation

Malcolm X with Alex Haley's 1965 foundational autobiography of African-American radical Islam and liberation

25% liberation-theology 15% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 15% ubuntu-african-communal-ontology 5% african-traditional-religion-yoruba-ifa 10% critical-realism 10% realism 5% dialectical-materialism 5% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 5% pragmatic-realism 5% phenomenology +7

#710

The Gulag Archipelago (Late)

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn · 1958-68 (composed); 1973-75 (published in Russian abroad)

Documentary-historical-literary work · Russian anti-totalitarian dissident literature

Solzhenitsyn's 1973-75 foundational text — the Soviet Gulag system documented across three volumes

25% critical-realism 15% realism 15% eastern-orthodox-christianity 10% liberation-theology 5% liberal-theology 10% christian-existentialism 5% phenomenology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% nihilism 5% romanticism +7

#711

If This Is a Man (Se questo è un uomo) (Mid)

Primo Levi · 1947 (rev. 1958)

Holocaust memoir · Holocaust survivor literature

Primo Levi's 1947 foundational Holocaust survivor memoir — Auschwitz testimony

20% rabbinic-judaism 15% critical-realism 15% realism 10% existentialism 10% phenomenology 10% nihilism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% liberal-theology 5% absurdism 5% naturalism +7

#712

The Unbearable Lightness of Being (Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí) (Late)

Milan Kundera · 1984

Philosophical novel · Czech philosophical fiction

Kundera's 1984 foundational philosophical novel — the unbearable lightness of being against Nietzschean eternal return

20% existentialism 10% phenomenology 10% critical-realism 15% nihilism 10% absurdism 10% postmodernism 5% pyrrhonism 5% realism 5% liberation-theology 5% eastern-orthodox-christianity 5% catholic-thomistic +8

#713

Austerlitz (Late)

W.G. Sebald · 2001

Modernist memory novel · German post-Holocaust literature

Sebald's 2001 foundational post-Holocaust memory novel — Jacques Austerlitz's recovery of erased childhood

15% phenomenology 15% critical-realism 10% rabbinic-judaism 5% nihilism 10% realism 10% postmodernism 5% absurdism 5% process-philosophy 5% romanticism 5% kabbalah-lurianic 5% existentialism 10% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean +9

#714

The Doctor and the Soul: From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy (Mid)

Viktor Frankl · 1946

Existential psychotherapy · Existential psychology / Viennese logotherapy

Frankl's 1946 foundational logotherapy text — meaning-centered existential psychotherapy

20% existentialism 15% phenomenology 10% christian-existentialism 10% rabbinic-judaism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% liberal-theology 5% critical-realism 5% realism 5% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 5% liberation-theology 5% catholic-thomistic +8

#715

Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Le Capital au XXIe siècle) (Late)

Thomas Piketty · 2013 (French); 2014 (English)

Empirical political economy · French empirical political economy

Piketty's 2013/14 foundational text — when r > g, capital concentrations grow without limit

20% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 20% empiricism 15% realism 10% liberal-theology 10% pragmatic-realism 5% naturalism 5% liberation-theology +5

#716

The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (Late)

Naomi Klein · 2007

Critical political-economic history · Anglo-Canadian critical political economy

Klein's 2007 foundational text — "disaster capitalism" exploits crises to impose unpopular neoliberal reforms

25% critical-realism 15% dialectical-materialism 10% liberation-theology 15% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% empiricism 5% liberal-theology 5% postmodernism 5% animism-relational-indigenous +6

#717

Second Treatise of Government (Late)

John Locke · 1689

Liberal political philosophy · English Whig liberal political theory

Locke's 1689 foundational text of liberal political philosophy — natural rights, consent of the governed, right of revolution

30% liberal-theology 15% empiricism 10% rationalism 10% realism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% platonism-classical 5% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% catholic-thomistic +6

#718

Confessions (Late)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau · 1769 (composed); 1782-89 (posthumous)

Modern autobiography · French Romantic-Enlightenment autobiography

Rousseau's 1782-89 foundational modern autobiography — sincerity as the new ideal

25% romanticism 10% liberal-theology 10% phenomenology 10% realism 10% reformed-calvinist-theology 5% liberation-theology 5% pragmatic-realism 5% rationalism 5% naturalism 5% christian-existentialism 5% empiricism 5% absurdism +9

#719

An Essay on the Principle of Population (Late)

Thomas Robert Malthus · 1798 (1st edn); 1803 (rev. 2nd edn)

Political economy / demography · British classical political economy

Malthus's 1798 foundational demographic-political economy — population grows geometrically, food arithmetically

20% empiricism 15% realism 15% naturalism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% critical-realism 10% evangelical-protestantism 5% rationalism 5% liberal-theology 5% analytic-metaphysics +6

#720

On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (Late)

David Ricardo · 1817

Classical political economy · British classical political economy

Ricardo's 1817 foundational text of classical political economy — labor theory of value, comparative advantage

20% empiricism 15% rationalism 10% pragmatic-realism 10% realism 10% naturalism 10% liberal-theology 5% rabbinic-judaism 10% analytic-metaphysics 5% dialectical-materialism 5% critical-realism +7