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Work #200 · Mid (between the First Discourse and the Social Contract)

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1755 (submitted to the 1754 essay competition of the Académie de Dijon, on the question of the origin and justification of inequality) · French
Philosophical-historical essay in two parts, with preface · Enlightenment political-philosophical anthropology

"The first man who, having enclosed a piece of land, said 'this is mine'..." — Rousseau's philosophical anthropology of the conjectural state of nature and the historical genesis of social inequality

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (Mid (between the First Discourse and the Social Contract))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Both
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

Long historical-anthropological time as the medium of human development — from the hypothetical state of nature through the historical emergence of property and inequality.

Space

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

The natural and social spaces of human life — forest, field, enclosure — as the changing theatres of human existence.

Matter

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

The embodied life of natural and social humans — the body shaped by social conditions of labour, comparison, dependence.

Observer

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

The natural human (in the conjectural state) and the social human (in historical society) as two modes of the same observer. Plural, embodied, naturally good and historically corrupted.

Energy

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

The natural energies of self-preservation and natural sympathy; the social energies of amour-propre (vanity, comparative self-regard) that drive inequality.

Information

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

The conjectural-philosophical reconstruction of human development; the historical record of social institutions.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

The Second Discourse's status as "conjectural history" — neither pure speculation nor proper empirical history — has been a continuing methodological question. Modern anthropology has substantially complicated Rousseau's picture of the state of nature (humans were never solitary; sociality is as primordial as individual existence). The relation between the Second Discourse's pessimism about historical-social development and the Social Contract's constructive political proposal is itself a continuing interpretive theme.