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Work #103 · Early

Theses on Feuerbach

Karl Marx
1845 (notebook fragments, published posthumously by Engels in 1888 with slight editorial changes) · German
Eleven aphoristic theses · Dialectical materialism / Marxism

Philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point, however, is to change it

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Theses on Feuerbach (Early)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Both
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Constructed
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Theses on Feuerbach

Time is the medium of historical development. Practice — productive activity over time — is the criterion of truth.

Space

Theses on Feuerbach

Standard background.

Matter

Theses on Feuerbach

Matter is real and the substrate of practical activity. The new materialism Marx proposes is practical-revolutionary rather than contemplative.

Observer

Theses on Feuerbach

The Marxian observer is the embodied class-positioned human; "essence" is the ensemble of social relations. Active in productive practice.

Energy

Theses on Feuerbach

Productive human activity is the energetic principle.

Information

Theses on Feuerbach

Knowledge is verified in practice. No metaphysical guarantees, no providence. Personal information not philosophically privileged.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Theses on Feuerbach

The Theses' brevity and aphoristic form allow multiple readings. Engels's 1888 edits — softening some formulations — have been debated. The relation between the Eleventh Thesis (change the world) and the rest of Marx's theoretical work (Capital, the Grundrisse) has been the central interpretive question: is theoretical work itself a form of revolutionary practice, or do the two stand in tension?