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Work #149 · Early

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

Karl Marx
Paris, summer 1844 (notebook manuscripts; unfinished and unpublished in Marx's lifetime); first published 1932 · German
Three philosophical-economic manuscripts in notebook form · Young Marx / philosophical-humanist Marxism

Alienated labour — workers estranged from their products, their activity, their species-being, and each other; the philosophical foundation of mature Marxism

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (Early)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Both
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Constructed
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

Real historical time of capitalist development. Alienation is a historical condition that can be overcome.

Space

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

Real social-economic space of the factory, the commodity market, the nation-state.

Matter

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

Material productive activity is the substrate of human species-being. Real, substantival, conserved.

Observer

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

The 1844-Marxian observer is the embodied worker whose species-being is alienated under capitalism. Embodied, plural, actively (or potentially actively) transforming productive conditions.

Energy

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

Productive human energy — the central category — is systematically expropriated under capitalist production.

Information

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

Alienated relations distort the real informational structure of social life. Personal information not conserved across death.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

The "young Marx vs mature Marx" question — whether the 1844 Manuscripts' philosophical humanism is the foundation of Capital or a phase Marx broke from — has been the central twentieth-century interpretive controversy. Althusser argued for a sharp "epistemological break" between the early and mature periods; the Frankfurt School and Marxist humanists (Marcuse, Erich Fromm) read continuity.