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Work #92 · Late

Two Treatises of Government

John Locke
Written c. 1679–82; published anonymously 1689 · English
Two-part political treatise (First Treatise: refutation of Filmer; Second Treatise: positive doctrine) · Early modern liberal political philosophy

Government rests on the consent of the governed — and when it fails to protect life, liberty, and property, the people may resist

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Two Treatises of Government (Late)
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Two Treatises of Government

Real historical time is the medium of political development. The right of revolution presupposes real future-open political possibility.

Space

Two Treatises of Government

The territorial state is the natural unit of political community. Substantival, finite, local.

Matter

Two Treatises of Government

Property in the state of nature begins with mixing one's labour with material things. Matter is real, substantival.

Observer

Two Treatises of Government

The Lockean observer is the embodied free individual, plural, active in political life. Moral authority is reason (natural law). The metaphysical agency is personal — God as creator and proprietor of persons.

Energy

Two Treatises of Government

Not engaged philosophically.

Information

Two Treatises of Government

The covenant of consent generates legitimate political authority. Personal information conserved across death (standard Christian framework).

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Two Treatises of Government

Locke's defence of property in the Second Treatise §§25–51 — including its extension to the Americas under the "vacant land" theory — has been criticised by postcolonial scholars as ideologically motivated. The relation between Locke's political philosophy and his personal investment in the Royal African Company (the slave trade) is the subject of ongoing scholarly debate (Jennifer Welchman, Brad Hinshelwood).