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Work #108 · Early

What Is Metaphysics?

Martin Heidegger
1929 (Freiburg inaugural lecture, 24 July) · German
Philosophical lecture · Continental philosophy / phenomenology

Why is there something rather than nothing? — the question of being approached through the experience of dread (Angst)

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute What Is Metaphysics? (Early)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Emergent
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Relational
Space · Curvature Undefined
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Relational
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Multiple
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Experience
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Emergent
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

What Is Metaphysics?

Time as the horizon of being is taken over from Being and Time. Anxiety discloses time in a particular way — the moment of being-toward-death is the temporal core of the analysis.

Space

What Is Metaphysics?

Relational treatment of space; not theorised directly in this lecture.

Matter

What Is Metaphysics?

Beings as a whole are encountered relationally; matter is one mode of being among others.

Observer

What Is Metaphysics?

Dasein remains the analytical centre. Anxiety is the fundamental mood through which the Nothing is disclosed.

Energy

What Is Metaphysics?

Not engaged.

Information

What Is Metaphysics?

Truth as unconcealment (aletheia) is the relational informational structure. No personal-conservation commitment.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

What Is Metaphysics?

The 1929 lecture sits between Being and Time and the later Kehre. Its treatment of the Nothing has been criticised (Carnap) as confused metaphysics and defended (post-structuralists) as a profound destabilisation of substance ontology. Heidegger's subsequent Postscript and Introduction were attempts to clarify the position against both readings.