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Work #914 · Early-mature (between Matter and Memory and Creative Evolution)

Laughter

Henri Bergson
1900 (Le Rire: Essai sur la signification du comique, Revue de Paris; book edition 1900; revised many times through 1924) · French
Philosophical essay · French process philosophy / philosophy of aesthetics

We laugh at "the mechanical encrusted upon the living" — laughter is the social corrective for inflexibility

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Laughter (Early-mature (between Matter and Memory and Creative Evolution))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Emergent
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Experience
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Laughter

The temporal contrast: living adaptation is continuous becoming, the mechanical is repetition — laughter exposes the freezing of duration into automatism.

Space

Laughter

The body as the immediate site of comic deviation — the comic body slips, repeats, mechanises in ways the living body should not.

Matter

Laughter

Material rigidity (the puppet, the machine) is the comic's emblem of what life ought not to become.

Observer

Laughter

The social spectator whose laughter enforces flexibility — laughter requires audience.

Energy

Laughter

The energies of social pressure that laughter mobilises against deviation.

Information

Laughter

The pattern of recognition by which the comic deviation is identified as mechanical against the living norm.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Laughter

Bergson's theory captures slapstick and the comedy of inflexibility well, but fits less well to wit, irony, satire, or the comedy of recognition. Twentieth-century theorists (Freud, Bakhtin, Frye) added incongruity-, relief-, and carnival-theories of the comic that Laughter does not subsume. The "social corrective" framing also raises the question — pressed by feminist and postcolonial critics — about who counts as the laughing community and whose deviation is being punished.