Schools of Thought
Compare Schools
Select up to 5 schools to compare their attributes side by side. Rows with differing values are highlighted.
Select schools to compare:
#1
Realism
#2
Idealism
#3
Existentialism
#4
Pragmatism
#5
Phenomenology
#6
Relativism
#7
Determinism
#8
Presentism
#9
Eternalism
#10
Multiverse Theory
#11
Simulation Theory
#12
Naturalism
#13
Relationalism
#14
Quantum Realism
#15
Dualism
#16
Panpsychism
#17
Pragmatic Realism
#18
Process Philosophy
#19
Structuralism
#20
Postmodernism
#21
Dialectical Materialism
#22
Absurdism
#23
Phenomenalism
#24
Critical Realism
#25
Empiricism
#26
Rationalism
#27
Transcendentalism
#28
Solipsism
#29
Buddhism
#30
Kantian Transcendental Idealism
#31
Stoicism
#32
Constructivism
#33
Advaita Vedanta
#34
Catholic/Thomistic
#35
Nihilism
#36
Reformed / Calvinist Theology
#37
Neo-Platonism
#38
Analytic Metaphysics / Logical Atomism
#39
Logical Positivism
#40
Taoism
#41
Confucianism
#42
Jainism / Anekantavada
#43
Samkhya
#44
Occasionalism
#45
Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO)
#46
Pyrrhonism
#47
Sufism / Wahdat al-Wujud
#48
Kabbalah (Lurianic)
#49
Hylomorphism
#50
Neutral Monism
#51
Yogacara
#52
Zoroastrianism
#53
Deep Ecology
#54
Dataism / Information Ontology
#55
Animism / Relational-Indigenous Worldview
#56
Ubuntu / African Communal Ontology
✓
#57
Transhumanism / Posthumanism
#58
Psychedelic / Entheogenic Worldview
#59
Afrofuturism / Black Quantum Futurism
#60
Gamer / Virtual-Realist Worldview
#61
Wellness / Energetic Worldview
| Attribute |
#56
Ubuntu / African Communal Ontology
Mogobe Ramose, John Mbiti, Desmond Tutu, Placide Tempels
|
|---|---|
| Time · Extent | Infinite |
| Time · Ontological Status | Relational |
| Time · Grain | Continuous |
| Time · Freedom | Non-Deterministic |
| Time · Traversability | Cyclical |
| Time · Dimensionality | One |
| Time · Direction | Multi-directional |
| Space · Extent | Finite |
| Space · Ontological Status | Relational |
| Space · Curvature | Flat |
| Space · Dimensionality | Three |
| Space · Locality | Non-local |
| Matter · Extent | Finite |
| Matter · Ontological Status | Relational |
| Matter · Conservation | Conserved |
| Matter · Dimensionality | Three |
| Matter · Locality | Non-local |
| Observer · Time Instance | Multiple |
| Observer · Space Instance | Single |
| Observer · Knowledge Extent | Immediate |
| Observer · Knowledge Retainment | Total |
| Observer · Physicality | Both |
| Observer · Agency | Active |
| Observer · Number | Plural |
| Energy · Extent | Finite |
| Energy · Ontological Status | Substantival |
| Energy · Conservation | Conserved |
| Energy · Dispersibility | Reversible |
| Information · Ontological Status | Relational |
| Information · Conservation | Conserved |
| Information · Granularity | Continuous |
| Observer Analysis (Full Text) | |
| Ubuntu / African Communal Ontology | The observer is fundamentally communal — "I am because we are" (umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu). The individual exists only through relationships with others, ancestors, and the living community. The observer extends across multiple temporal dimensions through the presence of ancestors who remain active participants in communal life, but is spatially situated within a particular community and place. Knowledge is immediate and relational — it arises through participation in communal life, not through solitary reflection — yet it accumulates across generations through oral tradition, ritual, and the living wisdom of elders. The observer is both embodied and spiritually connected to the ancestral realm. Agency is collective and active: the community, not the isolated individual, is the primary knower and actor. The observer is irreducibly plural. |