Clear all
Work #971 · Mid (the work that established Voltaire as a public intellectual of European reach)

Éléments de la philosophie de Newton

Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet)
1738 (Éléments de la philosophie de Newton, Amsterdam; revised 1741) · French
Popular-scientific philosophical treatise · French Enlightenment / Newtonian natural philosophy

Newton's natural philosophy — gravitation, optics, the calculus, the empirical method — explained for the educated French-reading public, against the entrenched Cartesianism of the Sorbonne

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Éléments de la philosophie de Newton (Mid (the work that established Voltaire as a public intellectual of European reach))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Éléments de la philosophie de Newton

Newtonian absolute time; the historical-political moment of the Cartesian/Newtonian battle in 1730s France.

Space

Éléments de la philosophie de Newton

Newtonian absolute space as the framework of natural philosophy.

Matter

Éléments de la philosophie de Newton

Particles obeying inverse-square gravitation; matter as Newton describes it.

Observer

Éléments de la philosophie de Newton

The educated French-reading public Voltaire aims to convert from Cartesianism to Newtonianism.

Energy

Éléments de la philosophie de Newton

Gravitational and other Newtonian forces; the institutional energies of the Cartesian establishment Voltaire opposes.

Information

Éléments de la philosophie de Newton

The Newtonian laws and the supporting experimental evidence as discrete propositional content.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Éléments de la philosophie de Newton

Voltaire's exposition was substantially correct but inevitably simplified — the technical mathematics required for serious Newtonian work was beyond most of his readers and beyond what the Éléments could provide. Émilie du Châtelet's translation of the Principia (published posthumously in 1759) supplied the technical companion. The work's polemical edge against Cartesianism was effective: by the 1750s, the French scientific establishment had substantially adopted Newtonianism.