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Work #1549 · Late

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Alan Turing
1952 · English
Mathematical-biological paper · Mathematical biology / pattern formation / philosophy of biology

Turing's 1952 'Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis' — founding paper of mathematical biology of pattern formation

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis (Late)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Discrete
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Mediated
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Partial
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Impersonal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Composed late 1951; published 1952. Turing was 39 and at the height of his post-war scientific career at Manchester.

Space

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Manchester — Turing's institutional base after Bletchley Park and the National Physical Laboratory. The numerical computations were done by hand and on the Manchester Mark I computer.

Matter

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Single 36-page mathematical-biological paper. Form is technical-mathematical (extensive use of partial differential equations) with biological interpretation.

Observer

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Late Turing. The observer is the mathematical genius applying the rigorous mathematical methods of physics and computation to the biological problem of pattern formation.

Energy

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Mathematical-biological pattern-formation energies. The paper takes Turing into a new domain — biology — that he had not previously worked in formally, but which he had been thinking about for years.

Information

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Founding paper of mathematical-biological pattern formation. The 'Turing pattern' has become a standard biological-mathematical concept; the paper's predictions were largely confirmed in the 2000s after decades of speculation.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Founding paper of mathematical-biological pattern formation; an extraordinary final scientific contribution from a thinker who is principally remembered for his foundational work in computability and code-breaking. The 1990s-2000s experimental confirmation of Turing patterns (Kondo on zebrafish, Sick et al. on hair-follicle spacing) vindicated the paper after a long wait.