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Work #127

The Courage to Be

Paul Tillich
1952 (Terry Lectures, Yale, 1950) · English (Tillich lectured in English)
Six-chapter philosophical-theological treatise · Twentieth-century philosophical theology / existentialist theology

Anxiety of fate, guilt, and meaninglessness is overcome by the courage to be — grounded in the God who appears when the God of theism has disappeared

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Courage to Be
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Emergent
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Both
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Emergent
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Emergent
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Multiple
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Experience
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Courage to Be

Time is the medium of existential anxiety and the courage to be. The "moment" of decision (taken over from Kierkegaard) is the point of religious self-affirmation.

Space

The Courage to Be

Not directly engaged.

Matter

The Courage to Be

The body is the locus of finitude and the experience of anxiety.

Observer

The Courage to Be

The Tillichian observer is the anxious embodied self — embodied, plural, active in the search for courage. Metaphysical agency is personal in the "God above God" sense: the ground of being is the source of courage.

Energy

The Courage to Be

Being-itself is the energetic principle; the power of being grants the courage to affirm one's own being.

Information

The Courage to Be

Substantival; the ground of being is the source of meaning. Personal information conserved in the doctrine of ultimate concern.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Courage to Be

Tillich's "God above God" has been read as both a profound philosophical-theological achievement and as an evasion of the personal God of orthodox Christianity. The 1960s "death of God" theologians (Altizer, Hamilton) read him as their precursor; orthodox theologians (both Catholic and Reformed) have read him as the point where liberal theology overshot. The book's philosophical-theological substance survives the debate; how it is positioned relative to confessional theology remains disputed.