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Work #198 · Late (after the two Discourses; the political conclusion of Rousseau's mature thought)

The Social Contract

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1762 · French
Political treatise in four books · Enlightenment political philosophy / republican theory

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains" — Rousseau's account of legitimate authority as grounded in the general will of the people

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Social Contract (Late (after the two Discourses; the political conclusion of Rousseau's mature thought))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Both
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Social Contract

Modern political time as the medium of the social contract; the foundational moment of collective constitution and the ongoing temporal expression of the general will.

Space

The Social Contract

The territorial space of the political community — small enough to allow direct collective expression of the general will.

Matter

The Social Contract

Embodied citizens whose physical lives are shaped by the laws expressing the general will.

Observer

The Social Contract

The citizen as the central political observer — plural, embodied, active in collective self-government. Personal-providential God in the background through civil religion.

Energy

The Social Contract

The political energy of the general will expressed in legislative assembly.

Information

The Social Contract

The laws of the polity as the preserved information of the general will; the body politic's collective memory.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Social Contract

The general will doctrine has been read both as the foundation of democratic legitimacy and as the rationale for totalitarian "forcing" of citizens to be free (Talmon's "Origins of Totalitarian Democracy"). The relation between Rousseau's individualist anthropology (the natural goodness of pre-social man) and his collectivist politics (the body politic absorbs individual wills) is the classic interpretive problem. Contemporary deliberative-democratic theory (Habermas, Cohen) has substantially rehabilitated the general will doctrine in deliberative-procedural terms.