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Work #48

A Theory of Justice

John Rawls
1971; revised edition 1999 · English
Systematic political-philosophical treatise in three parts · Anglo-American liberal political philosophy

Justice is fairness — the principles rational persons would choose behind a veil of ignorance, ignorant of their own social position

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute A Theory of Justice
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Constructed
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

A Theory of Justice

Rawls's framework presupposes standard real time. The just-savings principle (§44) is one of the earliest systematic treatments of intergenerational justice — each generation must save enough for the next to also enjoy the conditions of justice.

Space

A Theory of Justice

Not theorised; standard background. The political community is the "basic structure" of a society.

Matter

A Theory of Justice

Real, conserved. The "primary social goods" include both material and non-material; the difference principle governs their distribution.

Observer

A Theory of Justice

The Rawlsian observer is the rational, embodied, plural citizen — abstractable into the original-position self for theoretical purposes, but realised as a biographically situated person in actual political life. Moral authority is constructed through the procedure of the original position. The metaphysical agency is None — Rawls's mature work explicitly brackets "comprehensive doctrines" including theistic ones for the purposes of public reason (developed in Political Liberalism, 1993).

Energy

A Theory of Justice

Not engaged.

Information

A Theory of Justice

The veil of ignorance is a constructive informational device — what one doesn't know about one's own position is the procedural input from which fair principles emerge. Information is relational and procedurally constituted in Rawls's working argument.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

A Theory of Justice

Rawls himself spent the next twenty-five years (Political Liberalism, 1993; Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, 2001) revising the Theory in response to objections. The most serious internal tensions are over the status of the original position (whether it is a moral foundation or a modelling device), the relation between the two principles and the difference principle, and the application to international justice (which The Law of Peoples, 1999, attempts). External critics include Nozick (libertarianism), Sandel (communitarianism), and feminist critics (Okin) on the family as part of the basic structure.