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Work #147 · Late

Political Liberalism

John Rawls
1993 (revised 1996, with new introduction) · English
Political-philosophical treatise in three parts · Anglo-American liberal political philosophy

How a free society can be just under the permanent fact of reasonable disagreement about comprehensive doctrines — public reason, overlapping consensus, and the political conception of justice

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Political Liberalism (Late)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Constructed
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Political Liberalism

Real political time. The stability problem is real and unfolds across generations of democratic citizens with permanently diverse comprehensive doctrines.

Space

Political Liberalism

Standard background.

Matter

Political Liberalism

Real social-material conditions of citizen cooperation.

Observer

Political Liberalism

The Rawlsian observer of Political Liberalism is the democratic citizen reasoning under conditions of reasonable pluralism. Embodied, plural, active in public reason. Moral authority is constructed through the political conception.

Energy

Political Liberalism

Not engaged.

Information

Political Liberalism

Political-relational information is shared across comprehensive-doctrinal differences. Personal information not philosophically privileged.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Political Liberalism

The "public reason" requirement has been the most-contested feature. Critics (Wolterstorff, Stout, Habermas later) argue it unfairly restricts religious and substantive comprehensive contributions to political debate. Rawls's "wide view" in the late "Idea of Public Reason Revisited" (1997) softened the requirement but did not resolve the dispute. The relation between Political Liberalism and the earlier A Theory of Justice has been the central interpretive question — whether the shift is a refinement or a substantive change in position.