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Work #148

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

Willard Van Orman Quine
1951 (Philosophical Review) · English
Philosophical paper, six sections · Analytic philosophy / naturalized epistemology

Two dogmas of empiricism — the analytic/synthetic distinction and reductionism — are untenable; all our beliefs face the tribunal of experience as a corporate body

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Two Dogmas of Empiricism
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

Standard scientific background. The web of belief is revised through time as experience accumulates.

Space

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

Standard scientific realism.

Matter

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

Real and the topic of our best scientific theory. Quine's ontology is "what science says there is."

Observer

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

The Quinean observer is the embodied human inquirer within a community of inquiry. Active, plural; no metaphysical agency in the working naturalism.

Energy

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

Standard scientific framework.

Information

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

The web of belief is relational — no individual belief has meaning apart from its place in the whole. Personal information not conserved across death.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

The "no statement is immune to revision" thesis has been criticised as self-refuting (is the thesis itself revisable?) and defended as a methodological maxim about empirical science. The relation between Quine's extensional naturalism and his behaviourist treatment of meaning has been the central interpretive question.