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Work #414 · Early (Prior's first major synthesis of tense logic, derived from his 1955-56 Oxford Locke Lectures)

Time and Modality

Arthur N. Prior
1957 · English
Lecture-derived treatise; formal logic with philosophical motivation · Analytic philosophy of time / formal logic

The future is open, the present is uniquely real — tense logic as the formal vindication of presentism

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Time and Modality (Early (Prior's first major synthesis of tense logic, derived from his 1955-56 Oxford Locke Lectures))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Mediated
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method N/A
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Time and Modality

Tensed time: the present is uniquely real, the past was, the future will be. Open future.

Space

Time and Modality

Standard substantival space.

Matter

Time and Modality

Standard substantival matter.

Observer

Time and Modality

Plural finite reasoners; mediated knowledge through formal-logical analysis. No metaphysical agency.

Energy

Time and Modality

Standard physics.

Information

Time and Modality

Information conserved at the world-scale; the past is fixed in its having-been.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Time and Modality

The mid-century B-theoretic consensus (McTaggart, Russell, Smart) treated tense as a feature of language to be eliminated rather than a feature of reality to be respected. Prior's tense logic and its presentist motivation reopened a debate that had seemed closed; the presentism vs eternalism dispute is now one of the principal questions in contemporary analytic metaphysics.