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Work #1829 · Late (Pletho was approximately 84; the work is the product of a lifetime of Platonist conviction)

On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle

Georgius Gemistus Pletho
c. 1439 (composed in connection with Pletho's attendance at the Council of Florence) · Greek
Philosophical treatise / polemical comparison · Byzantine Platonism / Renaissance Plato-Aristotle controversy

Plato is superior to Aristotle in theology, ethics, and metaphysics — and the Latin West has been led astray by preferring the student to the master

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle (Late (Pletho was approximately 84; the work is the product of a lifetime of Platonist conviction))
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Emergent
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Cyclical
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Emergent
Space · Curvature not engaged
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Non-local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Emergent
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Non-local
Observer · Time Instance Multiple
Observer · Space Instance Multiple
Observer · Knowledge Extent Total
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Both
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Singular
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Cosmic-ordering
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Emergent
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Reversible
Information · Ontological Status Emergent
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle

The eternal divine order (the Platonic One beyond time) and the temporal procession of the created cosmos. Cyclical through the Neoplatonic structure of emanation and return.

Space

On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle

Emergent from the divine order; non-local because the Forms structure all reality from beyond spatial location.

Matter

On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle

Emergent — the lowest level of the Platonic hierarchy, real but dependent on the Forms.

Observer

On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle

The divine Mind as the source of all being and knowing; the human soul as participant in divine thought through philosophical contemplation. Cosmic-ordering metaphysical agency.

Energy

On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle

The emanative energy of the divine hierarchy; reversible through contemplative ascent.

Information

On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle

The Forms as eternal informational content; conserved through the immortality of the rational soul.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

On the Differences between Plato and Aristotle

De Differentiis sparked a controversy that consumed a generation of scholars: George of Trebizond's response was so vituperative that Cardinal Bessarion had to write In Calumniatorem Platonis (Against the Calumniator of Plato) to moderate the debate. The deeper tension is that Pletho's private Platonism was pagan — his Laws proposed to replace Christianity with a Hellenic theology — while De Differentiis presents Plato as merely a better philosopher than Aristotle, not as an alternative to Christ. The work's lasting significance is that it initiated the demand for Latin Plato that Ficino would satisfy, thereby catalysing the Renaissance Platonist movement.