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Work #1773

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

John Philoponus
c. 529 CE · Greek
Philosophical treatise (surviving in fragments preserved by Simplicius) · Christian Alexandrian Aristotelianism

The world cannot be eternal — an actually infinite past is impossible, therefore the cosmos had a beginning in time

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World
Time · Extent Finite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature not engaged
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Mediated
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Partial
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity not engaged

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

Finite — this is the central argument. The past cannot be actually infinite; the world must have had a temporal beginning. God creates time itself along with the cosmos. Linear, uni-directional, continuous.

Space

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

Finite, bounded. The physical cosmos is spatially limited. The rejection of the fifth element unifies celestial and sublunary space under the same physics.

Matter

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

Finite, substantival, created. Matter is not eternal but created by God. Celestial and sublunary matter are the same kind — no special aether.

Observer

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

Embodied, active, plural. The philosopher argues from empirical evidence (dropped weights) and rational demonstration. Knowledge is mediated through argument and observation.

Energy

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

Finite, conserved. The impetus theory (developed in other works) implies a finite motive force that is imparted, conserved, and gradually dissipated.

Information

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

Substantival, conserved. God's creative knowledge is the source of all intelligible order in the created cosmos.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

The work survives only in fragments quoted by a hostile critic (Simplicius), creating interpretive difficulties about Philoponus's exact arguments. The impossibility-of-actual-infinity argument has been challenged by modern mathematicians (Cantor's transfinite arithmetic), though defenders argue that mathematical and physical infinity are different questions. The unification of celestial and sublunary physics was scientifically prophetic but theologically motivated, raising questions about the relationship between theological commitment and scientific insight.