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Work #1741

Sentences

Peter Lombard
c. 1150 · Latin
Systematic theological compilation in four books · Latin scholastic theology

The master framework of medieval theology — four books, four centuries of commentary, every scholastic mind compelled to engage

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Sentences
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature not engaged
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality not engaged
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality not engaged
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Tradition
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity not engaged

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Sentences

The standard Augustinian temporal framework: created time, linear history from creation through fall and redemption to Last Judgement. God's eternity transcends time. Non-deterministic: human free will affirmed alongside divine predestination, following Augustine.

Space

Sentences

Finite, created, three-dimensional. The theological geography of heaven, hell, and purgatory matters more to Lombard than the physics of space. The standard medieval cosmos is assumed.

Matter

Sentences

Created from nothing, good, hylomorphic. The sacraments are material signs that convey spiritual grace — a doctrine that depends on the goodness and theological transparency of the material order.

Observer

Sentences

The human person is a rational soul united to a body, created in the image of God, fallen through original sin, redeemed through Christ. The ultimate metaphysical agent is a personal Trinitarian God. Lombard follows Augustine on the soul's Trinitarian image (memory, intellect, will).

Energy

Sentences

Not theorised independently. Finite, conserved, irreversible in the inherited patristic-Aristotelian framework.

Information

Sentences

The divine ideas are the eternal archetypes of all created things (Sentences I, d.35–36, following Augustine). Knowledge participates in divine illumination. Personal conservation guaranteed by bodily resurrection (Sentences IV, d.43–50).

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Sentences

Lombard's refusal to resolve many disputed questions was his pedagogical genius and his theological vulnerability. His identification of charity with the Holy Spirit (Sentences I, d.17) was rejected by Aquinas and most later commentators. One of his Trinitarian opinions was condemned at the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). The question of whether the Sentences imposes a framework that distorts the patristic sources it compiles has been raised by modern scholars.