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Work #52

Yoga Sutras

Patañjali (the historical author or compiler; possibly composite)
c. 2nd century BC – 4th century AD (composite redaction likely) · Sanskrit
196 aphoristic sutras in four pādas (chapters) · Hindu philosophy / one of the six classical darshanas

Yoga is the cessation of the modifications of the mind (yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ) — the eightfold path leads to liberating samādhi

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Yoga Sutras
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Emergent
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Cyclical
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Emergent
Space · Curvature Undefined
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Non-local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Multiple
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Total
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Both
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Cosmic-ordering
Observer · Moral Authority Tradition
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Variable
Energy · Dispersibility Reversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Yoga Sutras

Time is the medium of mental modifications (vṛtti) and of karmic accumulation. The yogi works to still the flux of mind and to burn the seeds of future karma; liberation is precisely the cessation of further temporal becoming. Saṃsāra is the cyclic field; kaivalya is the stepping out of it.

Space

Yoga Sutras

Not theorised geometrically; the meditative space of the practitioner is the inner field of consciousness, analysed in great detail. The siddhis (extraordinary powers) of Chapter 3 include various forms of non-local awareness (clairvoyance, knowledge at a distance) that imply a non-Newtonian conception of spatial relation.

Matter

Yoga Sutras

Prakṛti — the material-mental flux — is substantival in the Sāṃkhya sense. Real, conserved across transformations, three-dimensional. The yogi does not deny matter's reality; he disidentifies from it.

Observer

Yoga Sutras

The Patañjalic observer is the puruṣa — pure consciousness, witness, distinct from all the modifications of prakṛti. Observer Number is Plural (each puruṣa is distinct, against Advaita's singular Self); the practitioner is embodied in this life but realises his identity with disembodied consciousness in liberating samādhi. Knowledge is total in principle at samādhi. Moral authority is tradition — the line of ṛṣis whose practical knowledge is transmitted.

Energy

Yoga Sutras

Prāṇa is the central energetic principle — the vital breath whose regulation is one of the eight limbs. Variable in distribution within the practitioner's subtle body, reversible across the in-breath and out-breath, substantival in its own right.

Information

Yoga Sutras

Karmic-saṃskāric impressions are the relational informational structure carried across lives. Personal information is conserved: the karma carries forward until the seeds are burned by samādhi. Information is discrete in the sense that distinct samskaras are distinct deposits.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Yoga Sutras

The Yoga Sutras are dualist (puruṣa and prakṛti are genuinely two), but the practical instructions overlap almost completely with the meditative manuals of metaphysically incompatible traditions — Advaita non-dualism, Buddhist no-self, Jain pluralism. Whether this is because the metaphysical claims are secondary to the transformative practice, or because the metaphysics is genuinely separable from the technique, has been disputed since Vyāsa's sixth-century commentary.