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Work #186 · Mid-late (Niebuhr's major systematic work)

The Nature and Destiny of Man

Reinhold Niebuhr
1941 (vol. I, Human Nature); 1943 (vol. II, Human Destiny) — based on the Gifford Lectures, Edinburgh, 1939 · English
Two-volume theological-philosophical treatise · American mainline Protestant Christian realism

Christian anthropology and eschatology against modern optimism — human nature as the paradoxical synthesis of nature and spirit, sin and grace

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Nature and Destiny of Man (Mid-late (Niebuhr's major systematic work))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Both
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Nature and Destiny of Man

Historical time as the medium of fallen and graced human existence; eschatological time as the framework for human destiny.

Space

The Nature and Destiny of Man

Ordinary embodied space; the social-political space as the relevant arena for ethical and theological analysis.

Matter

The Nature and Destiny of Man

Embodied human creatures, "anxious unity of nature and spirit" — natural creatures with self-transcending spiritual capacity.

Observer

The Nature and Destiny of Man

The biblical human — created in the image of God, fallen, capable of grace. Plural, embodied, both active in moral life and passive in receiving grace. God as personal-providential framework.

Energy

The Nature and Destiny of Man

The energies of human self-transcendence — creative when ordered by grace, destructive when expressed as pride and pretension.

Information

The Nature and Destiny of Man

The biblical narrative of fall and redemption as the central information of human historical meaning; preserved through scriptural transmission.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Nature and Destiny of Man

Niebuhr's Christian realism has been criticised from both directions: by liberation theologians (James Cone, Cornel West) for too quickly underwriting Cold War American power, and by evangelical theologians for too thoroughly demythologising the biblical narrative. The relation between Niebuhr's early socialist commitments and his later Cold War liberalism is itself a continuing scholarly question (Fox's biography, Lovin's analysis). The book's influence on figures from Martin Luther King Jr. to Barack Obama suggests its continuing relevance to American public-theological discourse.