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Work #1535 · Late

General Scholium

Sir Isaac Newton
1713 (added to 2nd edition of the Principia) · Latin
Mathematical-natural-philosophical scholium · Newtonian natural philosophy / natural theology

Newton's 1713 General Scholium — 'Hypotheses non fingo' and the natural-theological framing of the Principia

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute General Scholium (Late)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Revelation
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

General Scholium

1713 (2nd ed.) and 1726 (3rd ed.). Newton's late period; the Scholium frames the Principia's mathematical content theologically.

Space

General Scholium

Cambridge — Trinity College, Newton's mature years. The Scholium claims absolute space as a real dimension of God's existence ('He endures forever, and is everywhere present, and by existing always and everywhere, he constitutes duration and space').

Matter

General Scholium

Scholium appended to the Principia, treating the mathematical-physical content of the Principia within a natural-theological frame.

Observer

General Scholium

Late Newton. The observer is the philosophical natural philosopher, deducing from phenomena and refusing to feign hypotheses about underlying causes.

Energy

General Scholium

Natural-theological-methodological energies. The Scholium is the most concentrated statement of Newtonian philosophy outside the Principia's mathematical body.

Information

General Scholium

Single scholium of c. 1200 words bearing the entire weight of Newtonian methodology and natural theology.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

General Scholium

The single most-quoted Newton text outside the Principia proper — locus classicus of 'hypotheses non fingo' and Newtonian natural theology. The Scholium's theology has been variously read: as orthodox (Maclaurin, Voltaire), as Arian (Newton's private papers since the 1930s reveal), as Stoic (Force), as Boyle-Lecture-conformist (Westfall, Snobelen). Its methodological maxim 'hypotheses non fingo' has been taken as the founding charter of empirical-mathematical natural science.