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Work #1850

Nahj al-Balagha

Ali ibn Abi Talib (compiled by al-Sharif al-Radi, d. 1015)
c. 7th century CE (compiled c. 1010 CE) · Arabic
Collection of sermons (khutab), letters (kutub), and sayings (hikam) · Islamic (Shia and Sunni)

The Peak of Eloquence — theology, governance, and wisdom from the gate of prophetic knowledge

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Nahj al-Balagha
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature not engaged
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality not engaged
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality not engaged
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Mediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Revelation
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity not engaged

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Nahj al-Balagha

Both — God is eternal, preceding time itself. Created time is linear and moves toward the Day of Judgement. The sermons stress the transience of worldly life and the permanence of the hereafter. Free will is affirmed: humans are responsible moral agents.

Space

Nahj al-Balagha

Finite created cosmos. God is not spatial but omnipresent through knowledge and power. The sermons describe creation as bounded and ordered by divine wisdom.

Matter

Nahj al-Balagha

Created, real, transient. The material world is a sign of God's power and a test for human beings. Physical resurrection on the Day of Judgement presupposes the conservation of bodies.

Observer

Nahj al-Balagha

Human beings are embodied, free, rational, and morally responsible. Knowledge comes through revelation, prophetic inheritance, and rational reflection. Ultimate metaphysical agency is personal: Allah, the one God who creates and judges.

Energy

Nahj al-Balagha

Finite, created, and sustained by God. The cosmological sermons presuppose a stable natural order under divine governance.

Information

Nahj al-Balagha

Knowledge originates in God and is transmitted through the prophetic chain. Ali is "the gate of knowledge" — a privileged transmission node. All deeds are recorded; nothing is lost before divine reckoning.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Nahj al-Balagha

The major tension is authenticity: the Nahj al-Balagha was compiled four centuries after Ali's death, and critical scholars debate which portions are genuinely his, which are from later sources, and which may be al-Radi's own compositions. The theological tension between Ali as political ruler (caliph) and Ali as spiritual master (imam/wali) also runs through the text, unresolved.