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Work #1759

Mozi

Mozi (Mo Di) and followers
c. 5th century BCE (with later additions) · Classical Chinese
Collected philosophical essays (71 chapters, 53 surviving) · Mohist philosophy / Warring States period

Universal love for all people without distinction — the anti-Confucian, anti-war, proto-utilitarian philosopher of ancient China

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Mozi
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Mozi

Time in the Mozi is historically oriented — Mozi appeals to the sage-kings of the past as exemplars of universal love and good governance, and criticises the present for falling away from their standard.

Space

Mozi

The spatial frame is the Warring States Chinese world — fragmented, violent, and in need of the unifying principle of universal love. Mozi's anti-war arguments address the specific spatial reality of interstate aggression.

Matter

Mozi

Material welfare — food, clothing, shelter, defence against aggression — is the Mohist standard of value. Wasteful expenditure (lavish funerals, extravagant music) is condemned because it depletes material resources.

Observer

Mozi

The observer is the morally active agent who measures policies by their consequences for the welfare of the people. The observer is embodied, practical, and responsible.

Energy

Mozi

The energy of the Mohist programme is practical — defensive engineering, frugal administration, efficient governance. Wasted energy is a moral failing.

Information

Mozi

The three standards (san biao) of Mohist epistemology — the precedent of the sage-kings, the evidence of the common people's eyes and ears, and the practical results of application — constitute the informational framework for moral and political judgment.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Mozi

The central tension is between universal love and the Confucian objection that impartial care is psychologically impossible and socially destructive — Mencius calls Mozi's doctrine "fatherless" because it denies the special obligations of kinship. A second tension is between Mozi's utilitarian rationalism and his appeal to Heaven and the spirits as moral sanctions — a surprising theistic element in an otherwise pragmatic philosophy. A third tension is the school's eventual disappearance: despite its intellectual sophistication, Mohism did not survive the Qin-Han unification.