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Work #49

The Guide of the Perplexed

Moses Maimonides (Rambam)
c. 1185–1190 (Cairo) · Judeo-Arabic (with influential Hebrew translations by Ibn Tibbon and al-Harizi)
Philosophical letter-treatise in three parts · Medieval Jewish philosophy / Aristotelian falsafa

Reason and revelation in concord — God is purely incorporeal, the Torah's anthropomorphisms are figurative, and the perplexed reader can be guided

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Guide of the Perplexed
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Both
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Multiple
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Total
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Both
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Guide of the Perplexed

Part II.13–31 contains the most extensive medieval discussion of the eternity of the world — whether the cosmos has a beginning (the Mosaic view, which Maimonides ultimately defends) or is eternal (the Aristotelian view). God's eternity is non-temporal in a sense close to the Boethian; created time is real, linear, and uni-directional.

Space

The Guide of the Perplexed

Standard medieval Aristotelian-Ptolemaic cosmology. God is incorporeal and non-spatial; creatures are spatially finite. The Guide's long discussion of angels (II.6) treats them as separate intellects, not spatial beings.

Matter

The Guide of the Perplexed

Created, real, substantival; matter and form are analysed in Aristotelian hylomorphic terms. The cosmos is finite in extent.

Observer

The Guide of the Perplexed

The Maimonidean observer is the rational human person — embodied, plural, active in intellectual pursuit. Knowledge is total in principle through the philosophical-prophetic life that culminates in apprehension of God (III.51's parable of the palace). Moral authority is scripture, interpreted in concord with reason. Metaphysical agency is personal, but the via negativa (I.50–60) sharply limits what can be predicated of God positively.

Energy

The Guide of the Perplexed

Not theorised separately; the medieval doctrine of continuous divine sustenance is presupposed.

Information

The Guide of the Perplexed

God's knowledge of particulars is one of the Guide's major topics (III.16–21). Personal information is conserved — Maimonides retains a robust commitment to personal immortality and the world to come (olam ha-ba), though his treatment is intellectualised (the world to come is intellectual perfection, not bodily reward).

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Guide of the Perplexed

The Guide is famously esoteric. Maimonides explicitly warns in the introduction that he writes with deliberate contradictions in order to conceal certain truths from the philosophically unprepared (Introduction, "the seventh cause"). Modern scholarship divides sharply: Leo Strauss and his school read Maimonides as a covert Aristotelian-rationalist for whom the orthodox commitments are largely exoteric; Pines, Davidson, and others read him as a serious religious philosopher whose orthodoxy is genuine. The Guide's text supports both readings.