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Work #931 · Early (Lewis's first book, published at 28, the year he began at UCLA)

Convention: A Philosophical Study

David Lewis
1969 (Harvard UP; based on his 1967 Harvard PhD dissertation under W. V. O. Quine) · English
Philosophical monograph in five chapters · Analytic philosophy of language / formal pragmatics

A convention is a stable solution to a coordination problem — and the conventions of language are not arbitrary but rationally selected for mutual benefit

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Convention: A Philosophical Study (Early (Lewis's first book, published at 28, the year he began at UCLA))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Mediated
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Partial
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Convention: A Philosophical Study

The temporal stability of conventions — they emerge through repeated interactions and persist because deviation is locally costly.

Space

Convention: A Philosophical Study

The population (P) as the social space within which the convention holds — Lewis's analysis is explicit that conventions are population-relative.

Matter

Convention: A Philosophical Study

The embodied agents whose coordination problems give rise to conventions.

Observer

Convention: A Philosophical Study

The rational agent whose first-order conformity and higher-order expectations together constitute the convention.

Energy

Convention: A Philosophical Study

The strategic energies of rational coordination — the costs of deviation, the benefits of conformity, the convergence on equilibrium.

Information

Convention: A Philosophical Study

Common knowledge as the information-theoretic precondition of convention — every agent knows the regularity, knows that others know it, knows that others know that they know it, ad infinitum.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Convention: A Philosophical Study

The "common knowledge" condition (every agent knows R, every agent knows that every agent knows R, etc., to arbitrary depth) has been challenged as too strong by Schiffer and others, who developed weaker "mutual belief" alternatives. Whether the analysis really avoids Quine's scepticism (or merely pushes it back to questions about how populations come to share common knowledge in the first place) remains contested. The game-theoretic framework was generative — it shaped Grice, Stalnaker, Brandom — but later work by Searle and Brandom argued conventions involve normative-deontic elements that the rational-choice analysis underweights.