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Work #263 · Mid (alongside Totality and Infinity)

Difficult Freedom

Emmanuel Levinas
1963 (collecting essays from the 1950s-60s) · French
Collection of essays on Judaism · Twentieth-century Jewish religious philosophy

Essays on Judaism — Levinas's 1963 collection that develops the explicitly Jewish-religious dimension of his philosophical-ethical project

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Difficult Freedom (Mid (alongside Totality and Infinity))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Both
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Difficult Freedom

The historical-Jewish time of the tradition; the post-Holocaust time of difficult freedom and difficult faithfulness.

Space

Difficult Freedom

The Jewish community, Israel, the European Jewish situation as the relevant spaces.

Matter

Difficult Freedom

Embodied Jewish religious-ethical life.

Observer

Difficult Freedom

The Jewish religious subject — embodied, plural, obedient to ethical demand. Personal-providential God as framework.

Energy

Difficult Freedom

The energies of difficult freedom — obedience to the ethical demand as the path to genuine freedom.

Information

Difficult Freedom

The Jewish tradition's preserved religious-ethical wisdom; the Holocaust as the historical event demanding theological reckoning.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Difficult Freedom

Levinas's insistence on a strict separation between his philosophical and Jewish writings has been continuously debated — are the two corpora really separable, or is the philosophical work essentially Jewish philosophy? The relation between Difficult Freedom's explicit theological content and the philosophical framework of Totality and Infinity is the central interpretive theme.