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Work #274 · Late

New Essays on Human Understanding

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1704 (completed; Leibniz suppressed publication after Locke's 1704 death); 1765 (posthumous publication) · French
Philosophical dialogue mirroring Locke's Essay book by book · Continental rationalism

Leibniz's point-by-point response to Locke's Essay — the major continental-rationalist engagement with British empiricism

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute New Essays on Human Understanding (Late)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Relational
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Emergent
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

New Essays on Human Understanding

The temporal unfolding of human understanding; pre-established harmony of monadic developments.

Space

New Essays on Human Understanding

Leibnizian relational space; the social space of philosophical dialogue.

Matter

New Essays on Human Understanding

Material reality as phenomenal-monadic.

Observer

New Essays on Human Understanding

Each monadic mind as observer; the human mind as embodied, plural, active.

Energy

New Essays on Human Understanding

The energies of human reasoning and perception; the petites perceptions below the threshold of consciousness.

Information

New Essays on Human Understanding

The accumulated philosophical-rationalist tradition's preserved insight.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

New Essays on Human Understanding

The Leibniz-Locke debate is the canonical seventeenth-century rationalist-empiricist controversy. Kant's 1781 Critique of Pure Reason can be read as a synthesis attempting to preserve insights from both sides. Contemporary analytic engagement (Margaret Wilson, Catherine Wilson, others) has substantially illuminated the debate.