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Work #273 · Mid (Leibniz's breakthrough philosophical statement)

Discourse on Metaphysics

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1686 (sent to Antoine Arnauld; not published in Leibniz's lifetime) · French
Short systematic philosophical treatise in 37 sections · Continental rationalism

Substances, the predicate-in-subject principle, the best of all possible worlds — Leibniz's 1686 short systematic statement of his philosophical framework

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Discourse on Metaphysics (Mid (Leibniz's breakthrough philosophical statement))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Relational
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Emergent
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Discourse on Metaphysics

The temporal unfolding of substances' complete individual concepts; deterministically pre-established.

Space

Discourse on Metaphysics

Leibnizian relational space (against Newtonian absolute space) — substances' positions are relational.

Matter

Discourse on Metaphysics

Material reality as the phenomenal expression of monadic substances.

Observer

Discourse on Metaphysics

Each substance as a monadic observer expressing the universe from its perspective.

Energy

Discourse on Metaphysics

Vis viva (living force) as Leibniz's dynamical principle — the conserved quantity of motion.

Information

Discourse on Metaphysics

Each substance contains complete information about its predicates and (through pre-established harmony) about the universe.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Discourse on Metaphysics

The Arnauld correspondence (1686-90) is the most extended early engagement with the Discourse — Arnauld's objections forced Leibniz to clarify several positions. The relation between the Discourse and the later Monadology (1714) is the central interpretive question — does the framework develop or substantially change? Contemporary engagement (Adams, Garber, Look) has substantially illuminated Leibniz's philosophical project.