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Work #120

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Thomas S. Kuhn
1962 (1st ed.); 1970 (2nd ed. with postscript); 1996 (3rd ed.) · English
Historical-philosophical treatise · Twentieth-century philosophy and history of science

Normal science under paradigms is punctuated by revolutionary changes that are not strictly cumulative — and competing paradigms are incommensurable

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Relational
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Constructed
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Historical time of scientific change is real but non-cumulative across revolutions. Punctuated equilibrium rather than continuous progress.

Space

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Not directly engaged; standard scientific background.

Matter

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

The phlogiston of pre-Lavoisier chemistry and the oxygen of post-Lavoisier chemistry are real, but they are not the "same thing seen differently" — they belong to incommensurable conceptual frameworks. Relational ontology of theoretical entities.

Observer

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

The scientific observer is embedded in a paradigm-shaped community. Knowledge is immediate within a paradigm and discontinuous across them. Moral authority is constructed by the scientific community.

Energy

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Standard scientific framework presupposed.

Information

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Theory-laden observation: data is real only within a paradigm. Information is relational and non-conserved across paradigm changes.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

The "incommensurability" thesis has been the most-disputed claim. Strong readings make paradigm comparison impossible; weak readings make it harder but not impossible. Kuhn's 1970 Postscript and later writings (The Road Since Structure, 2000) worked through these qualifications. The relation between Kuhn and Popper, and between Kuhn and Feyerabend, defines mid-twentieth-century philosophy of science.