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Work #921 · Mature (Kripke's second major book after Naming and Necessity, 1980)

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

Saul Kripke
1982 (Harvard UP; based on 1976 Wolfson College lecture, 1977 Princeton seminars) · English
Philosophical monograph · Twentieth-century analytic philosophy of language / Wittgenstein scholarship

There is no fact of the matter about what a rule "requires" — the meaning skeptic's challenge is the real heart of Wittgenstein's later philosophy

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language (Mature (Kripke's second major book after Naming and Necessity, 1980))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

The temporal sequence of finite past computations — necessarily finite, never sufficient to determine an infinite extension.

Space

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

The community as the social space within which meaning-attribution becomes possible.

Matter

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

Embodied finite agents whose physical computations cannot, on Kripke's reading, determine the meaning they instantiate.

Observer

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

The individual rule-follower and the community of co-followers — meaning is a relation between them, not an internal state of either.

Energy

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

The cognitive energies of computation; the social energies of community correction and affirmation.

Information

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

The decisive dimension: there is no fact-of-the-matter information that distinguishes addition from quaddition for any finite computer — meaning is community-constituted, not individually determined.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language

Whether Kripke's "Kripkenstein" is faithful to the historical Wittgenstein is contested: McDowell, Diamond, and Conant argue for a quietist reading on which there is no genuine skeptical paradox; Wright, Boghossian, and Soames take Kripke seriously as exposition. The "skeptical solution" is itself controversial — community use seems just to push the problem back one level, since communities too have only finite past behaviour. Davidson, Pettit, and Brandom all proposed alternative responses to the rule-following considerations that take Kripke's problem seriously while resisting his solution.