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Work #142 · Late

The Natural History of Religion

David Hume
1757 (Four Dissertations) · English
Philosophical-anthropological essay · Scottish Enlightenment / philosophy of religion

Religion arose not from rational argument but from fear of natural events — and polytheism, not monotheism, is the natural human starting-point

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Natural History of Religion (Late)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Experience
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Natural History of Religion

Real historical time of religious development. Polytheism precedes monotheism, not the other way around.

Space

The Natural History of Religion

Standard background.

Matter

The Natural History of Religion

Standard naturalist materialist background.

Observer

The Natural History of Religion

The Humean observer of religion is the philosophical-anthropological investigator examining the natural human propensities that generate religious belief. No metaphysical agency posited.

Energy

The Natural History of Religion

Standard background.

Information

The Natural History of Religion

Religious belief is real social-cultural information produced by natural human propensities, not revelation from a transcendent source. Personal information not conserved across death.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Natural History of Religion

The Natural History's claim that polytheism is the natural starting-point of religion has been disputed on anthropological grounds (Andrew Lang's "Making of Religion" 1898 argued for a "high god" hypothesis compatible with primitive monotheism). Modern cognitive science of religion has partly vindicated and partly modified Hume's naturalistic framework.