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Work #91 · Early

De Cive

Thomas Hobbes
1642 (Latin, Paris); English translation by Hobbes himself 1651 · Latin
Political-philosophical treatise in three parts (Liberty, Dominion, Religion) · Early modern political philosophy / materialist naturalism

The state of nature is war; the social contract creates sovereign authority; the duty of religion is consistent with civil peace

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute De Cive (Early)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Constructed
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

De Cive

Time is real; political institutions endure across time and require maintenance. Deterministic in the compatibilist sense.

Space

De Cive

Standard post-Galilean substantival space.

Matter

De Cive

Bodies in motion; the only real substance. Hobbesian materialism is consistent across De Cive and Leviathan.

Observer

De Cive

The Hobbesian observer is the embodied individual driven by fear of death and desire for power. Active in self-preservation; plural in society; no personal metaphysical agency in the working philosophy.

Energy

De Cive

Mechanical motion is the energetic substrate; conservation of quantity of motion is the operative principle.

Information

De Cive

Names rightly ordered are the substantival informational currency. Personal information not conserved across death in any robust sense.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

De Cive

De Cive's relation to Leviathan: substantially the same argument, but De Cive omits the elaborate philosophical-anthropological framework of Leviathan I, making it more compressed and arguably more accessible. The work was widely read on the Continent before Leviathan made Hobbes notorious.