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Work #156 · Late

The Question Concerning Technology

Martin Heidegger
1953 (Munich lecture); 1954 (published) · German
Philosophical lecture · Late Heidegger / continental philosophy of technology

Modern technology's essence is "enframing" — a mode of revealing that reduces all that is to standing-reserve, including humanity itself

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Question Concerning Technology (Late)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Emergent
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Relational
Space · Curvature Undefined
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Relational
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Passive
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Experience
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Emergent
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Question Concerning Technology

Modern technology's mode of revealing has its historical-destinal origin and trajectory. Time is the medium of the unfolding of enframing.

Space

The Question Concerning Technology

Relational; the Rhine as river is different from the Rhine as standing-reserve.

Matter

The Question Concerning Technology

Matter under modern technology is reduced to standing-reserve. Relational ontology — what a thing "is" depends on its mode of revealing.

Observer

The Question Concerning Technology

The late-Heideggerian observer is the human "called forth" by being's revealing. Passive in the precise sense of being addressed; active only in meditative-poetic response.

Energy

The Question Concerning Technology

Modern technology's setting-in-order of natural energy is the central analysis. Energy as standing-reserve is the contemporary mode of revealing.

Information

The Question Concerning Technology

Information itself is part of the modern technological setting-in-order. Personal information is included in the standing-reserve.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Question Concerning Technology

The relation between Heidegger's 1933 Nazi affiliation and his late critique of modern technology has been the central scholarly controversy. Some commentators (Wolin) read the technology lectures as continuing the political romanticism of the 1933 period; others (Dreyfus, Sheehan) read them as serious philosophy separable from the political contamination. The Black Notebooks (published 2014–2018) revived the question.