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Work #26 · Early

Being and Time

Martin Heidegger
1927 (Jahrbuch für Philosophie publication; only Divisions I and II of the planned three completed) · German
Systematic phenomenological treatise · Continental philosophy / phenomenology / fundamental ontology

Being is the question; Dasein is the being whose being is in question for it; time is the horizon of meaning

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Being and Time (Early)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Emergent
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Relational
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Relational
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Multiple
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Experience
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Emergent
Energy · Conservation Variable
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Being and Time

The book's title is a thesis: time is the horizon of any understanding of being. Division II analyses temporality (Zeitlichkeit) as Dasein's ecstatic-horizonal structure — past, present, and future are not points on a line but co-constitutive modes of Dasein's standing-out. Ordinary clock-time is a derivative levelling-off of original temporality (§81). Time Ontological Status is Emergent in this strong Heideggerian sense.

Space

Being and Time

Space is analysed in §22–24 as constituted by Dasein's concerned engagement with the world — the nearness or remoteness of things is first practical, not geometric. Heidegger criticises Cartesian geometric space as derivative from the lived, oriented spatiality of being-in-the-world.

Matter

Being and Time

The ready-to-hand (zuhanden) and present-at-hand (vorhanden) distinction reorganises the philosophy of matter: things are first encountered as tools-for-purposes within a referential context, and only secondarily (and via a breakdown) as mere material objects. Matter is relational; substance-ontology is a derivative philosophical posture.

Observer

Being and Time

Dasein is the Heideggerian observer — embodied, plural, active, fundamentally temporal, defined by care (Sorge). Knowledge is immediate (gained through engaged understanding rather than detached cognition) and finite. The famous analysis of being-toward-death (§46–53) treats mortality as constitutive of authentic existence. Metaphysical agency is None in the Abrahamic sense; Dasein is its own project.

Energy

Being and Time

Not Heidegger's thematic. The framework treats energy as emergent within the totality of contexts of involvement; no fundamental physical-energetic ontology is developed.

Information

Being and Time

Truth is unconcealment (alētheia), not correspondence — a thoroughly relational, situated conception of information. Personal information is not conserved: being-toward-death is the radical finitude that defines authentic Dasein. The question of post-mortem persistence is not engaged.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Being and Time

The book's unfinished status is its own tension: Division III, which was to elaborate the temporal meaning of being in general (not just of Dasein), was never published. Heidegger judged in retrospect that the conceptual framework of Sein und Zeit could not carry the question through to its end. The 1930s "turn" (Kehre) moves in a different register — poetic, mythic, suspicious of subjectivity. The reading of Being and Time also has to grapple with Heidegger's Nazi affiliation in the same period; his admirers and critics have argued ever since over whether the philosophy is implicated, indifferent to, or warning against the politics.